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    The Boundary Flux Handbook: A Comprehensive Database of Critical and Threshold Flux Values for Membrane Practitioners
    The Boundary Flux Handbook: A Comprehensive Database of Critical and Threshold Flux Values for Membrane Practitioners
    The Boundary Flux Handbook: A Comprehensive Database of Critical and Threshold Flux Values for Membrane Practitioners
    Ebook318 pages1 hour

    The Boundary Flux Handbook: A Comprehensive Database of Critical and Threshold Flux Values for Membrane Practitioners

    By Marco Stoller and Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido

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    About this ebook

    The Boundary Flux Handbook summarizes over 90 chemical compounds (single compounds, in mixed solution) and different feed streams from industry (complex streams exiting the agricultural, biological, pharmaceutical, food, dye, textile, etc. industries) and the respective critical and threshold fluxes (hereafter referred to the boundary flux), together with data on rejection and permeabilities. It gives the reader valuable data to quickly estimate membrane performances in respect to productivity, selectivity and longevity, and permits to estimate capital and operating costs of membrane processes during the plant design operations.

    The book is valuable for scientific researchers and chemical engineers working with membrane technology as a reference for lab work, membrane process design and control. For each specific feedstock, only the best performing membrane(s) are listed. At least one commercial membrane module and a maximum of 4 different choices were reported, in order to assure the possibility to easily integrate the proposed membranes into the systems by contacting the relevant commercial partner, and to define the best choice of the pretreatment steps, permitting quick membrane process optimization or revamping operations.
    • This text summarizes over 100 chemical compounds, different feed streams from industry, and the respective critical and threshold fluxes
    • It gives the reader valuable data to quickly estimate membrane performances in respect to productivity, selectivity and longevity
    • For each studied feedstock, only the best performing membrane(s) are listed, including one commercial and a maximum of four different choices, to assure the possibility to easily integrate the proposed membranes into the systems by contacting the relevant commercial partner
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateDec 23, 2014
    ISBN9780128015995
    The Boundary Flux Handbook: A Comprehensive Database of Critical and Threshold Flux Values for Membrane Practitioners
    Author

    Marco Stoller

    Prof. Marco Stoller is an active researcher in membrane technologies, in particular on membrane fouling. His research work started in 2000, during his PhD thesis entitled “Development of a purification process of olive mill wastewater by membranes”, and was carried out continuously up today. He is Professor at the Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering at the University of Rome “La Sapienza”. He is author of more than 30 papers on international peer-reviewed scientific journals, more than 60 contributions to conference proceedings and more than 15 oral speeches at international congresses.

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      Book preview

      The Boundary Flux Handbook - Marco Stoller

      The Boundary Flux Handbook

      A Comprehensive Database of Critical and Threshold Flux Values for Membrane Practitioners

      Marco Stoller

      La Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Rome, Italy

      Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido

      University of Granada, Department of Chemical Engineering, Calle Real de Cartuja, Spain

      Table of Contents

      Cover image

      Title page

      Copyright

      About the Editors

      Preface

      Index of the Database

      Chapter 1. Introduction

      Chapter 2. The Boundary Flux

      Critical and Threshold Fluxes

      Merging Both Concepts into One: The Boundary Flux

      Parameters Affecting the Boundary Flux Values

      Chapter 3. The Boundary Flux Model

      Measurement of the Model Input Parameters

      Chapter 4. Process Control

      Membrane Process Control Strategies

      Chapter 5. Design and Optimization Guidelines of Continuous Membrane Processes

      Chapter 6. Design and Optimization Guidelines of Batch Membrane Processes

      Chapter 7. The Boundary Flux Database

      List of Variables

      References

      Index

      Copyright

      Elsevier

      Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands

      The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK

      225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA

      Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

      This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

      Notices

      Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

      Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

      To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

      ISBN: 978-0-12-801589-6

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

      For information on all Elsevier publications visit our web site at http://store.elsevier.com/

      About the Editors

      Marco Stoller, born in Bonn, Germany, on December 16, 1974, and of German-Italian nationality, is an active researcher in membrane technologies, in particular in the area of membrane fouling. His research work started in 2000, during his Ph.D. thesis entitled Development of a purification process of olive mill wastewater by membranes, and has been carried out continuously up to the present day. He is Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering at the University of Rome La Sapienza. He is author of more than 35 papers in international peer-reviewed scientific journals, more than 70 contributions to conference proceedings, and more than 25 oral presentations at international congresses. In 2009, he was invited to give a lecture to the younger researchers at the Network Young Membrains 2009 event, held in Mezé just before Euromembrane 2009. In 2013, he was awarded the Certificate for Excellent Presentation for the research work Fouling inhibition and control by threshold flux estimation in the treatment of olive vegetation wastewater by membranes-in-series process at the 1st International Conference on Desalination using Membrane Technology, promoted by Elsevier.

      Dr Stoller has taken part in six European projects, three of them involving the application of membrane processes, and has contributed to the dissemination of the fundamentals and applications of membrane processes in some master courses devoted to professional qualifications and in some conferences in the wider community. He is an active member of the Italian Chemical Engineer Association since 2001, member of EMS since 2004 and member of EFCE, Section on Membrane Engineering, since 2007.

      Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido, born in Jaén, Spain, is a young but active researcher in the membrane field, especially in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration technologies, and fouling issues. He completed his undergraduate studies in the University of Granada (Spain), and afterward received a state grant from the Science and Innovation Spanish Ministry to do his Ph.D. thesis on olive mill effluent reclamation in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Granada.

      During his postgraduate studies, he also received a state grant from the Science and Innovation Spanish Ministry to do a residence period in the Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering at the University of Rome La Sapienza, under the direction of Prof. Angelo Chianese and Dr Marco Stoller. During this time, he improved his knowledge of advanced oxidation processes and membrane technologies for industrial effluent treatment.

      In December 2012 he presented his Ph.D. thesis, entitled Application of membrane technology for the depuration of olive mill wastewater. In 2013, he was awarded the Certificate for Excellent Presentation for the research work Fouling inhibition and control by threshold flux estimation in the treatment of olive vegetation wastewater by membranes-in-series process at the 1st International Conference on Desalination using Membrane Technology, promoted by Elsevier. He continues his postdoctoral research in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Granada, where he works as a lecturer. He is author of 24 papers published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals, more than 30 contributions to conference proceedings, and several oral presentations at international congresses.

      Preface

      Many times membrane practitioners need to know, as quickly as possible, how membranes will perform, given a specific feedstock and separation target, when integrated into an existing process or when designed from scratch for new processes. Unfortunately, many times it is not possible to provide a quick and reliable answer.

      The main problem is to estimate a priori membrane fouling issues: how they will affect the longevity of the membrane modules and, as a consequence, impact the overall economic balance of the process. The longevity of the membrane modules is one of the main factors, together with their selectivity and productivity, in properly designing membrane applications.

      In response to this need, one of the authors, Marco Stoller, started to develop a personal database based on all the case studies investigated during his career. The database was useful for both research and counseling purposes: for research, it was useful to define fouling problems before starting the experimental setup and campaign in order to have an idea of the experiment’s run times and to save the membrane from premature blocking. In the case of counseling, with the complementary aid of proper tools, the database was successfully used for quick and reliable estimation of membrane performance in specific systems.

      The problem arose as soon as the database was not extended enough to have useful information on every possible system. A personal database turned out to be too limited to cover all cases faced during work as a membrane practitioner.

      The point at which it was necessary to extend the database was therefore reached.

      During this period of time, a Ph.D. student named Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido, from the University of Granada in Spain, was visiting the Department of Chemical Engineering to study membrane processes and membrane fouling. In the following years he managed to efficiently apply the critical and threshold flux concepts during his research. He expressed the same need to have an extended database available to support his work.

      The decision to write this handbook was, therefore, finally made at the beginning of 2013.

      The main core of this handbook—that is, the database of critical and threshold (hereafter merged as boundary) flux values—is based on published data. Sometimes the values were measured and given directly as a main result, but many times a successive evaluation by the authors was required to extract the useful information on fouling from the information included in the papers.

      Personal gratitude from the

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