Oracle Solaris 11: First Look
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Oracle Solaris 11 - Philip P. Brown
Table of Contents
Oracle Solaris 11: First Look
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
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Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. IPS – The Image Packaging System
The brave new world of IPS
Repositories/repos
Repository URIs, also known as origins
Package naming schemes
Understanding the quirks of pkg name references
Understanding pkg FMRI version fields
Overview of package and patch installation
The traditional methods
New Solaris 11 patch and package installation methods
Practical examples of pkg command usage
Automatic package dependency use
Installation dry run
Finding packages that you want
Searching by filename (pkg search)
Searching by package names (pkg search)
Searching by package names (pkg list)
Listing files in a package
Searching for installation groups
Less-used pkg commands
Dealing with repositories
Creating your own IPS repository and packages
Creating a local repo
Copying the Oracle Solaris repository
Creating your own company repository
Creating a package
Uploading packages to the repository
Configuring machines to use your local repository
Package updates and patching
Summary
2. Solaris 11 Installation Methods
It's the Oracle of install systems!
Default passwords
Installation from CD-ROM
The x86 LiveCD install
Choosing Text Install image or Automated Install image
Manually invoking the install programs
Text Install image
Text Installer does AI too
Automated Install image
Getting a shell prompt from AI image
Speed of AI installer
Potential problems specific to AI install
Overview of how AI install works
AI installer client-side services
Manifest-locator service
Auto-installer service
AI installer server-side services
Network bootstrap process details
SPARC, wanboot, and DNS
PXE boot and x86
Setting up a local install server with installadm
Side effects of installadm create-service
Installadm, manifests, and profiles
Viewing existing manifests and profiles
Configuring a manifest
Dynamically generated manifests
Configuring a profile
Templates for profiles
Client registration via installadm create-client
Manifests and profiles for zones
Sharing wanboot with Solaris 10 clients
Common traps and pitfalls
Solaris 11 release version versus support version
Summary
3. Sysadmin Configuration Differences
Welcome to the new normal
Host identity: the sysconfig command
sysconfig configure
sysconfig unconfigure
sysconfig create-profile
Driver configuration: /etc/driver/drv
Network address configuration: ipadm and dladm
IP configuration
IP interface objects
IP interface tunables
IP and TCP tunables
Network layer 2 device configuration
Wireless configuration: Stick to the GUI if you can
Miscellaneous differences in system-level configuration
Name service related
Time zone and language settings
Nodename
Summary
4. Networking Nuts and Bolts
Networking re-architected
Kernel redesign
Orientation to new Solaris 11 networking
Interface naming and IP labels
A simple static IP example
Network infrastructure impact on zones
NWAM – NetWork AutoMagic
NWAM pitfalls
Sneaking around NWAM with VNICs
Using NWAM via GUI
IPMP – IP multipathing
Setting up IPMP
Link aggregation
VNIC – Virtual NIC
VLAN tagging
IP tunneling
Bridging
Network resource management
Per-interface management
Flow-based resource management
IP QoS – Quality of Service management
Step 1 – Create a temporary QoS configuration file
Step 2 – Activate the QoS rules file
Step 3 – Permanently configure (-c) it into the post-reboot kernel
Other changes
Summary
5. NWAM – Networking Auto-reconfiguration
What is NWAM and how you can use it
Capabilities of NWAM
NWAM basic concepts
Connections
Profiles
Locations
Summary
6. ZFS – Now You Can't Ignore It!
ZFS – your future, today
ZFS root – no more UFS
Primary benefit of ZFS root filesystem
ZFS booting and beadm
New boot-time options
New SPARC boot options
New x86 boot options
ZFS root limitations
ZFS, beadm, and zones
Deduplication now possible
ZFS encryption
ZFS diff between snapshots
ZFS's new ACL modes – simpler yet more powerful
Viewing ACLs on a file
Setting an ACL
Miscellaneous changes and improvements
Pool-related changes
Summary
7. Zones in Solaris 11
Taking things to the next zone
New zone utilities
New zone capabilities
Changes to zones
Allowable zone OS types limited
ZFS zoneroot layout and Boot Environments
Fast zone creation via clone
The zoned property of ZFS
Zone filesystems visible
Automatic Network Interfaces – the anet resource
Preconfiguring zones
Sysconfig information
Initial zonecfg defaults
Initial package content of zones
Example of fully preconfigured zone creation
Immutable zones
Creating an immutable zone
Verifying immutable zone configuration
Cloning an immutable zone
Updating immutable zone configurations
Summary
8. Security Improvements
Keeping the horse in the barn
Mandatory auditing
Auditing basics
Default audit events
Configuring more audit logging
Audit policies
Active versus configured values
Viewing audit logs
Immutable zones
ProFTPd is the new FTP server
Sudo privileged access tool
Direct root use now blocked by default
Fine-grained RBAC privileges
On-disk encryption
Warnings about encrypted ZFS filesystems
Creating an encrypted ZFS filesystem
Interaction between encryption, compression, and deduplication
PKCS11 centralized key store support
Profiles can now be in LDAP
Additional encryption support
Summary
9. Miscellaneous
What's in this chapter anyway?
Virtual consoles, also known as virtual terminals, are back
Fast reboot
CUPS printing
Power management
Notifications triggered by SMF state transitions
SMF notifications through e-mail, also known as SMTP
SMF notifications through SNMP
Querying and deleting SMF notifications
Trusted Solaris extras
COMSTAR and iSCSI
iSCSI targets
iSCSI initiator mode
Removing remote iSCSI devices
Safeguarding complex iSCSI configurations
Summary
A. IPS Package Reference
B. New ACL Permissions and Abbreviations
C. Solaris 10 Available Enhancements
ZFS backported enhancements
Other enhancements
Index
Oracle Solaris 11: First Look
Oracle Solaris 11: First Look
Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
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Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: January 2013
Production Reference: 1210113
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-84968-830-7
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Cover Image by Sandeep Vaity (<sandeep.vaity@yahoo.com>)
Credits
Author
Philip P. Brown
Reviewers
Alan Pae
Brian Craft
Acquisition Editor
Rukhsana Khambatta
Commissioning Editor
Meeta Rajani
Technical Editors
Hardik Soni
Ankita Meshram
Copy Editors
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Brandt D'Mello
Laxmi Subramanian
Ruta Waghmare
Project Coordinator
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Proofreaders
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Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta
Graphics
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Production Coordinator
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Cover Work
Prachali Bhiwandkar
About the Author
Philip P. Brown was introduced to computers at the early age of 10, by a Science teacher at St. Edmund's College, Ware, UK. He was awestruck by the phenomenal power of the ZX81's 3 MHz, Z80 CPU, and 1 K of RAM, showcasing the glory of 64 x 48 monochrome block graphics! The impressionable lad promptly went out and spent his life savings to acquire one of his very own, and then spent many hours keying in small BASIC programs such as Ark Royal
, a game where you land a block pretending to be an aircraft, on a bunch of lower blocks pretending to be an aircraft carrier. Heady stuff!
When birthday money allowed expanding the ZX81 to an unbelievable 16 K of RAM, he also felt the need to acquire a patch cable to allow him to actually save programs to audio cassettes. Once this was deployed to the family cassette recorder, he was not seen or heard from for many months that followed.
Phil's first exposure to Sun Microsystems was at U.C. Berkeley in 1989, as part of standard computer science classwork. Students were expected to do their classwork on diskless Sun 3/50 workstations running SunOS 4.1.1. During this time, he wrote his first serious freeware program, kdrill
, which at one time was part of the official X11 distribution, and remains in some Linux distros to this day. He eventually acquired a Sun workstation for personal use (with a disk and quarter-inch tape drive) and continued his home explorations, eventually transitioning from SunOS to Solaris, around Solaris 2.5.1.
The principles of the original, pre-GPL freeware licenses prevalent in 1989 inspired Phil the most. Led by their example, he has contributed to an assortment of free software projects along the way. A little-known fact is that he is responsible for MesaGL
morphing into the modern GLX/OpenGL implementation it is known for today. At the time, MesaGL was primarily an OpenGL workalike with a separate, non-X11 API, as author Brian Paul did not believe that it could function in a speed-effective way. In 2003, Phil wrote the first GLX integration proof-of-concept code, which convinced Brian to eventually commit to true GLX extension support.
In 2002, Phil created pkg-get, inspired by Debian's apt-get utility, and started off CSW packaging. This, at last, brought the era of network-installed packages to Solaris. All major public Solaris package repositories prior to Solaris 11 still use pkg-get format catalogs for their software.
In reality, Phil also had an impact on the existence of Solaris itself. In 2002, Sun Microsystems was on the road to canceling Solaris x86 as a product line. The community was outraged, and a vote in the old solarisonintel
Yahoo! group resulted in six community representatives making the case for x86 to Sun. Phil was one of those six who eventually flew to Sun HQ to meet the head honchos and banish the forces of evil for a while.
Phil's current hobbies include writing (both articles and code), riding motorcycles, reading historical fiction, and keeping his children amused.
The Solaris-specific part of his website is http://www.bolthole.com/solaris.
Most of his writing until this point has been done online, for free. His website has a particular wealth of Solaris information, and includes a mix of script writing, driver code, and Solaris sysadmin resources.
As far as books go, he was only a prepublication reviewer for Solaris Systems Programming, Rich Teer. However, the first time any of his articles got published was in Rainbow magazine (a publication for the Tandy Color Computer) on page 138 of the May 1989 issue, under a column named Tools for Programming BASIC09 (http://ia700809.us.archive.org/26/items/rainbowmagazine-1989-05/The_Rainbow_Magazine_05_1989_text.pdf).
I would like to thank my family for being supportive and patient with me while I wrote this book. I would also like to thank many people on the Nets
, who volunteered to review a chapter for me. It was a pleasant surprise to suddenly be flooded with more volunteers than I have chapters in this book!
About the Reviewers
Alan Pae started with Novell Netware, and then being forced onto SCO Unix, his first foray into the world of Unix was not one of choice. Seeing what it could do compared to other operating systems at the time was, however, a real eye-opener. Unix could easily do things that he simply couldn't do with any other operating systems that he could run. After that, he had a chance to run Lotus Notes on some old SPARC gear as a test pilot program, and became hooked. It's been fun watching the new versions roll and the incremental improvements over the years. Solaris 10 started to break the incremental mold and make some radical changes. Solaris 11 continues in this vein, and for him, it's a much improved operating system.
I would like to thank Philip P. Brown for allowing me to make suggestions for this book, and to the staff at Packt Publishing for guiding this project to completion.
Brian Craft was introduced to Unix as a graduate student in molecular biology and biochemistry. He took a part-time detour involving SunOS, followed by Solaris 2.5.1, which quickly turned into a full-time distraction. Many years later, Brian finds himself still working with Solaris as a system administrator.
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