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Transport Phenomena I Essentials
Transport Phenomena I Essentials
Transport Phenomena I Essentials
Ebook150 pages34 minutes

Transport Phenomena I Essentials

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About this ebook

REA’s Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Transport Phenomena I includes viscosity, flow of Newtonian fluids, velocity distribution in laminar flow, velocity distributions with more than one independent variable, thermal conductivity and mechanism of energy transport, and steady state heat conduction in one dimension.
LanguageEnglish
Release dateJan 1, 2013
ISBN9780738672441
Transport Phenomena I Essentials

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  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
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    The book is good for review of formulas... does not have solved numericals...few derivation..
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    almost like a Formulas cheat sheet ...all in one....

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Transport Phenomena I Essentials - The Editors of REA

TEST

CHAPTER 1

VISCOSITY AND THE MECHANISM OF FLUID FLOW

1.1 INTRODUCTION

A fluid may be defined as a substance that changes its shape continuously under the application of a shear stress no matter how slight the shear.

1.2 FLUID STATICS

1.2.1 PRESSURE IN A STATIC FLUID

The pressure at any point of a static fluid is the result of the force exerted by its liquid mass per unit of area. Consider for instance, a vessel of constant cross-sectional area containing a fluid as shown in Figure 1-1. The pressure exerted by the fluid at any height h is given by

(1.1)

where ρ = density

g = gravity

h = height

Fig. 1.1

From equation (1.1) one can conclude that the pressure will be constant at any cross-section, but will vary with height. Thus, the pressure at the bottom of the vessel will be

(1.2)

If the total pressure at the bottom is desired, one must add the pressure at section (1) (Patm in this case). Therefore,

(1.3)

1.2.2 DEVICES TO MEASURE PRESSURE DIFFERENCES

(a) Simple Manometer:

This is a U-shaped tube with pressures P1 and P2 on each arm, respectively, which can be pressure tabs from a fluid meter or one end could be opened to the atmosphere. The device is filled with two immiscible fluids having distinct densities, ρA for the lighter fluid A and ρB for the heavier fluid B, where ρA < ρB (see Fig. 1-2).

The difference in pressures (P1 - P2) is measured as

(1.4)

where H = Reading of the manometer

(difference of level of two fluids)

Fig. 1.2

(b) Differential Manometer:

This device, also known as a two-fluid U-tube manometer, is helpful to measure small pressure differences, ΔP which is given by

where H = reading of the manometer and ρB < ρC (fluid B is lighter than fluid C).

Fig. 1.3 Differential Manometer

1.3 FORMS OF FLUID FLOW

1.3.1 LAMINAR OR VISCOUS FLOW

This is a well ordered flow pattern

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