100 Historic Ships in Full Color
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About this ebook
John Batchelor
John Batchelor is Emeritus Professor at the University of Newcastle. He was also previously a Fellow of New College, Oxford. His books include biographies of Joseph Conrad, H. G. Wells, Virginia Woolf, and John Ruskin. He lives in Newcastle.
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100 Historic Ships in Full Color - John Batchelor
About the Author
JOHN BATCHELOR has been drawing aircraft, ships, tanks, and all things technical since he was four years of age—at least; his drawings collected by his mother during World War II prove this to be so. On being refused entry to art school, Mr. Batchelor went off and worked his way around the world, drawing many details of the ships he worked and traveled on. At eighteen years, he joined the RAF for his national service, filling further sketchpads in the process.
In January 2000, John Batchelor marked his fortieth year as a freelance technical artist, working for many international publishers and specializing in cutaway
illustrations. He also produces postage stamps for thirty-eight countries. Mr. Batchelor is a light aircraft pilot and fanatical fly fisherman—casting his flies in many countries. He is also a collector of proper
jazz, and he carries a sketchbook wherever he goes. Apart from drawing, he is happiest driving tanks, and flying in any type of aircraft, going to sea in any type of ship, firing guns of all sorts, all of which comes within the remit of being a technical artist.
The first craft with sails Mr. Batchelor ever set foot on was a Thames spritsail barge during World War II. When he was seventeen he worked his way around the British Isles as the lowest form of life on a 1920s coaster just for the experience. He has sailed a felucca on the Nile; been to sea on at least a dozen warships of various countries; was flown aboard the U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln in the Pacific, and was catapulted off four days later. He has spent many, many days on board ships such as the H.M.S. Victory, U.S.S. Constitution, Cutty Sark, and the whaler Charles W Morgan, drawing details for some of the cutaways produced here.
The author wishes to thank Malcolm Lowe for his invaluable help with the text;
Joslyn Pine at Dover Publications who never hesitates to go the extra mile for quality;
and Dover’s super design team—Frank Fontana, Marie Zaczkiewicz, Irene Kupferman,
Beverly McKinley Wynne, and Fred Becker.
JOHN BATCHELOR ILLUSTRATION: www.publishingsolutionswww.com
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 by Dover Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved under Pan American and International Copyright Conventions.
Published in the United Kingdom by David & Charles, Brunel House, Forde Close, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ 12 4PU.
Bibliographical Note
100 Historic Ships in Full Color is a new work, first published by Dover Publications, Inc. in 2002.
DOVER Pictorial Archive SERIES
This book belongs to the Dover Pictorial Archive Series. You may use the designs and illustrations for graphics and crafts applications, free and without special permission, provided that you include no more than four in the same publication or project. (For permission for additional use, please write to Permissions Department, Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y. 11501.)
However, republication or reproduction of any illustration by any other graphic service, whether it be in a book or in any other design resource, is strictly prohibited.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Batchelor, John H.
100 historic ships in full color / John Batchelor.
p. cm.—(Dover pictorial archive series)
9780486147086
I. Ships—Pictorial works. I. Title. II. Series.
VM307 .B35 2002
623.8’2’00222—dc21
2002067461
Manufactured in the United States of America
Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y. 11501
TITLE PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS: The Santa Maria (#12) and East Indiaman (#38), background
Table of Contents
Title Page
Acknowledgements
Copyright Page
Man on the Water
Index
Take it all in all, a ship is the most honourable thing a man has ever produced.
—John Ruskin
Man on the Water
IT IS LIKELY that early human beings first ventured into the water to catch fish close to shore, and probably climbed onto passing logs only for sport. The accidental use of logs or tree trunks as a means of water transport may thus have been the starting point in the evolution of the ship. The civilizations that emerged along the coast of the Mediterranean and neighboring waters produced the first vessels that could truly be called ships. As with aviation, there were two approaches to their development: ships for trade and ships for war. For thousands of years, this mode of transportation received more attention than any other, so it is not surprising that so much ingenuity and technical skill were invested in the production of bigger, better, and safer ships.
Until little more than 125 years ago, the sailing ship reigned supreme, and required elaborate and specialized skills that few sailors today possess. However, the invention of the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution enabled the creation of ships that could move against the wind. Other innovations followed, such as larger and more powerful guns that led, in turn, to heavy armored ships designed to withstand the impact of those guns. By the dawn of the twentieth century, new technologies made it possible to begin to explore the depths of the sea, and a whole new field of underwater exploration was born. Aircraft—the newcomers to the realm of transportation—have made the greatest advances in the last century. Yet after more than 60,000 years, ships endure not only in trade, exploration, and defense, but also as an essential element in man’s eternal romance with the sea.
—John Batchelor
1. KING KHUFU’S SHIP
The oldest known vessel in existence is an Egyptian royal barge of King Khufu (known to the Greeks as Cheops). Dating from around 2657 B.C., it was found sealed in a pit at the foot of the Great Pyramid at Giza in 1954. Fashioned from Lebanese cedar wood, the craft was built from the outside in—in the tradition of the time—instead of by the modern method of first laying a keel, and building a strong framework onto which the outer structure is later attached. The Egyptians built Khufu’s barge by fastening the wood planks of the hull together, and then strengthening the structure with internal ribs, the whole assembly being tied together with alfa grass rope. The barge was 144 feet long, and the large