Tabletop Photography: Using Compact Flashes and Low-Cost Tricks to Create Professional-Looking Studio Shots
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About this ebook
Imagine capturing stunning, professional-looking product shots without needing a studio filled with expensive equipment and large flash units. This book teaches all the steps for creating your own tabletop photography studio.
Affordable compact flashes offer a number of creative lighting options within your tabletop studio; and the appropriate lighting and backdrop, and the creative use of your camera's features are key to a perfect image.
Author Cyrill Harnischmacher guides you through a variety of exposure and lighting techniques, and covers how to achieve excellent results using compact flash units. Whether you wish to capture product images for use in print or on the web, or you want to improve your photos for personal use, this book will provide you with everything you need to know to get great results.
Topics include:
Lighting Setups; Reflectors, Diffusors, and Accessories; Soft Boxes and Umbrellas; Strobe Flashes; Combining Long Exposures with Flashlights; Multi-Flash Exposures; Composition and Arrangements; Creating Backdrops; Product Photography; Smoke, Fog, and Special Effects; Food Photography and much more...
Cyrill Harnischmacher
After studying liberal arts and working for several years as a graphic artist for various advertising agencies, Cyrill Harnischmacher became an independent graphic artist in 1997. Since then he has written about photography and digital image editing for trade journals and has designed many books for a long roster of publishers. He’s worked on both sides of the business as a client and a photographer. His primary interests are macro and tabletop photography, as well as coming up with creative and unusual technological solutions. He’s written seven books, several of which have garnered awards and been translated into foreign languages. In 2007, he developed the flash2softbox system, which allows photographers to adapt light shaping tools for professional studio flash equipment to system flash units.
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Book preview
Tabletop Photography - Cyrill Harnischmacher
Preface
The tabletop studio offers photographers the chance to hone their craft and develop photographic projects both day and night, regardless of weather and lighting conditions. Lights, backgrounds, props—in short, everything that defines an image—are under the control of the photographer, who can stage scenes that range from objective to realistic to elaborate.
Tabletop photography actually belongs to the domain of studio photography, which usually involves expensive equipment, large studio flash systems, and sophisticated accessories. But it doesn’t have to be that way. With a few shoe-mount flash units, a touch of crafty spirit, and a measure of imagination, you can create stunning results with modest means. Whether you intend to take pictures for product catalogs, online auctions, foundation exposures for composite images, or you just want to capture your culinary masterpiece in a fitting scene, shoe-mount flashes can take you far—quite far, actually. These flash units, sometimes called flashguns, are small, light, and battery operated, so you don’t need to worry about extension cords and power outlets.
More important than anything, however, is the fact that these types of flashes are widespread. There is hardly a photographer anywhere who doesn’t already have one or more of them. In short, you won’t have to invest in any new technology, and you can get started right away.
This book is intended primarily for amateurs who are making their first foray into tabletop photography and who don’t already own studio lighting systems.
Cyrill Harnischmacher
The Basics
A Taste of Theory to Get Started
There are only a few variables that influence the exposure of an image. The focal length of the lens determines the perspective, the aperture defines the depth of field, the focus determines what will appear sharp in an image, and the lighting affects the mood of an image. Since working in a studio means you’re in the fortunate position of being able to control all these variables, there are countless variations for exposing a single subject.
Tools of Design: Sharpness and Blur
In addition to determining the depth of field, the aperture also defines the degree of blur. Both sharpness and blur have an influence on the effect of an image; they can create an objective impression, on one hand, or a romantic impression, on the other. Since we have control of all the elements in a table-top photo shoot, we are not limited to affecting the sharpness and blur by adjusting the aperture. We can also adjust the composition of the image or the relative distances among each of the elements of the picture. This means, for example, that we can intentionally place an element of an image beyond the depth of field to give the impression of a greater space or to separate the elements of the picture more clearly.
The distance of the main subject from the background of an image and the positioning of the lines of focus in an exposure are of extreme significance. They help you develop the sense of space in your images or, in other words, guide viewers to pay attention to important details.
Designing with Focal Length
The selection of the focal length also influences the effect of an exposure. A wide-angle lens causes objects in the foreground to appear larger and also allows you to capture a larger background. In contrast, a telephoto lens compresses an image to make it appear more compact and also depicts less background in relation to the main subject of the image. A standard lens, which is often a macro lens for tabletop photography, portrays objects in the same manner that the human eye perceives them and is accordingly useful for product shots in which you want an objective perspective.
As a result of the size of the circle of confusion, the wider the aperture, the smaller the depth of field in which the subject will appear acceptably sharp.
Aperture as a tool of design. A wide aperture of f/4 with shallow focus and lots of blur.
A narrow aperture of f/22 with a large depth of field.
Focal length as a tool of design. With a wide-angle 12 mm lens, the exposure appears distorted but dynamic.
With a standard 50 mm lens, the exposure has a more objective look, similar to the eye’s natural perception.
Light
A photographer’s most important tool of design is light or, more specifically, the ability to alter the quality of light by shaping it. Shaping light in this sense has two meanings: first, photographers can shape the light itself to be flat, pointed, hard, soft, scattered, and so on; second, light shapers allow photographers to stylize their subjects by modulating the lighting to match their photographic ideas. This is the exact process—which we call photography—that allows us to create two-dimensional images of objects based entirely on the interplay of light and shadow.
Designing with a Purpose
Last but not least, a photographer’s creative instinct and an effective composition are essential factors for creating a successful picture. These include selecting the right background, including appropriate props, and establishing a visual style that corresponds to the subject. You must remain objective when creating product shots and set a dramatic scene when it’s appropriate to tell an emotional story with your picture.
If you’re working professionally, the intended purpose of a photograph should always be the primary influence for your visual design. The elaborate staging of a screw, featuring multicolored lighting and a tight focus, might function very well for the cover of a product catalog, but the same picture wouldn’t be appropriate to convey objective information. For this purpose it would be better to create a clear product shot depicting all of the details of the screw in a neutral manner.
Naturally, this also applies to the world of amateur photography. Whether you are creating a photographic archive of a collection, or capturing an image to use on an invitation, or taking pictures for an Internet auction, you should always consider the context in which the photo will be used and the effect you want the image to have on the person who views it.
Knowing Technology by Heart
Using the necessary technology properly requires both the knowledge of how it works and a certain amount of accumulated experience from regular use. The combination of this knowledge and experience will help you use your equipment purposefully and intuitively.
It is good practice, therefore, to set up a few assignments for yourself from time to time and practice creating several photographic variations of the same subject. Your subject could be an everyday object staged in a variety of differing lighting conditions, or it could be a broader theme, such as depictions of glass or transparent objects, or even abstract images of aroma, coolness, softness, or something similar. Compare the results of the pictures you create and discover which techniques achieved the best results.
A Conceptual Approach
It’s not unusual for the preparations for complex photo shoots to take several hours. For this reason, it’s important to work out a concept for the exposure in advance. Start by mocking up a few sketches of your subject and planning the setup for your lighting. When you’re working with a moving object that you need to capture at a specific moment, you should also plan the timing for the shoot. One very useful tool for this is the Photoshop file LightingSetup.psd, which you can download from www.kevinkertz.com for personal (noncommercial) use. This file contains a variety of tools to diagram your shoot, including light shapers, backgrounds, cameras, and notes that can be individually placed.
Before you get started with your shoot, all of the required tools and materials should be handy, your batteries should be fully charged, and your work space should be clean and prepped so that in the heat of the moment everything will run as smoothly as possible.
Finally, always ask yourself the following questions before starting your shoot:
Will my plan achieve the desired result?
Do the background and props serve the desired message?
Are