Tintern Abbey Monmouthshire
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Tintern Abbey Monmouthshire - Harold Brakspear
BUILDINGS
TINTERN ABBEY
INTRODUCTION
The abbey of Tintern was founded upon the 9th day of May 1131, by Walter FitzRichard, lord of Nether Gwent and Striguil, for monks of the Cistercian order.
All abbeys of this order were to be built in places remote from towns, all the churches were to be hallowed in honour of Our Lady, the buildings were to be of the severest simplicity, and no paintings or images were allowed. Each new house had to be colonized from an existing one by twelve monks at least and the abbot as thirteenth. The lay brothers were not mere servants, as in other orders, but were of the same social position as the monks; they took the three monastic vows, had a separate quire in the church and a separate dorter and frater.
The Order made such rapid strides during its early years that in 1151, as five hundred houses had been founded, the general chapter ruled that no others should be founded; nevertheless, by the middle of the thirteenth century the number had increased to no fewer than one thousand eight hundred. In England and Wales there were seventy-six houses, and to these twenty-three in other countries owed their origin, namely, eleven in Scotland, ten in Ireland, and two in Norway.
The monks who came to Tintern were from Aumone, which abbey had also colonized Waverley, the first Cistercian house in England, three years before.
The abbey was placed on the left bank of the Wye, and, according to the customs, must have had a church, a frater, a dorter, a guest-house, and a porter’s lodge before the monks arrived. The original buildings have left various remains among the later, which show that they were set out upon a