Growing Cultivated Crops in Dry Areas - With Information on Growing Corn, Sorghums, Potatoes, Field Beans and Field Roots on Dry Land Farms
By Thomas Shaw
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Growing Cultivated Crops in Dry Areas - With Information on Growing Corn, Sorghums, Potatoes, Field Beans and Field Roots on Dry Land Farms - Thomas Shaw
GROWING CULTIVATED CROPS IN DRY AREAS
In all areas where the rainfall is less than could be desired, the growing of cultivated crops will always have a relatively important place. This arises in part from the degree of the certainty with which these crops may be grown with success, and in part from the excellent preparation which they make for the growing of the small grains that follow them in the rotation.
The more important of the crops that must always be given cultivation in these areas to grow them at their best are: (1) corn; (3) the sorghums; (3) potatoes; (4) field beans; (5) field roots, and (6) artichokes. These are probably valuable in the order named. Of course, various other valuable plants, as alfalfa, are given more or less cultivation during the period of their growth, but when growing them cultivation is not always imperatively necessary.
GROWING CORN
Beyond all question, corn is by far the most important cultivated crop that will ever be grown in the semi-arid country. The great significance of the crop for such areas lies in the fact, first, that it will be the most important source of fodder obtainable, with the possible exception of alfalfa; second, that it is the surest important crop obtainable from spring-plowed land and from land that has produced a crop of small grain the previous year; and, third, that a crop of small grain may be grown after corn which will give a fair return almost any season. This crop will be grown for the fodder alone, for fodder and grain combined, and for the grain alone. For the fodder only it will be grown under climatic conditions that will not properly mature the crop because of high latitude or altitude. For the combined purpose the chief aim sought in growing it will be fodder. But the more grain that it will grow in addition to the fodder, the more valuable will it be. For the grain only or mainly, it will be grown to provide food for swine that will harvest it in the field, and in some instances, in the more favorable locations, the ears will be snapped from the standing crop as is done in the corn belt. For the fodder and grain combined, it may be grown in paying quantities in the most northerly sections of the United States, up to the elevation of 4,000 to 4,500 feet. Farther south it may be grown at an altitude higher in proportion as it is farther south. The area devoted to the growing of corn in the near future will probably be second only to that devoted to the growth of wheat.
Soils.—Corn will grow on any soil well adapted to wheat. This means that it will grow under proper conditions on nearly all the bench lands of the semi-arid west, save on lands that are impregnated with alkali. It will also grow on lands which contain a quantity of humus in excess of the need of the wheat crop. The soils with highest adaptation for the growth of corn are rich, friable loams. Sandy loams are even better adapted relatively to the growth of corn than to the growth of wheat. Stiff clays, leachy gravels and alkali lands are ill adapted to the growth of this plant.
Place in the rotation.—Corn may be given any place in the rotation. Generally speaking, however, it would not be wise to grow corn on summer-fallowed land or after a cultivated crop, as ground thus prepared is usually wanted in order to grow upon it crops of small grain. It is one of the best