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    Jacksonville
    Jacksonville
    Jacksonville
    Ebook179 pages45 minutes

    Jacksonville

    By Margaret LaPlante and Southern Oregon Historical Society

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    About this ebook

    It was the winter of 1851 1852 when the word gold echoed throughout the valley. Soon hundreds of gold miners flocked to Table Rock City, later renamed Jacksonville. In short order, families arrived and took out donation land claims and began farming, raising stock, and opening businesses. Many had already emmigrated from Europe, Canada, Ireland, and England. Jacksonville had its own Chinatown that was home to the many Chinese who had traveled far seeking their fortune through gold mining. When the railroad bypassed Jacksonville in 1883 in favor of the new town of Middleford, later renamed Medford, Jacksonville s fortunes reversed. During the ensuing decades, the town s buildings fell into disrepair. The threat of bulldozers leveling the downtown core in the late 1960s brought out a renewed interest in preservation. Today Jacksonville is a National Historic Landmark District and looks much as it did 150 years ago.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateMay 31, 2010
    ISBN9781439625033
    Jacksonville
    Author

    Margaret LaPlante

    Historian and author Margaret LaPlante has given us a chance to step back in time and experience Crater Lake from the 1850s to the 1950s. All of the historic images in the book appear courtesy of the Crater Lake National Park Museum and Archive Collections. LaPlante previously authored two Oregon books, Jacksonville and Eagle Point, in Arcadia Publishing�s Images of America series.

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      Book preview

      Jacksonville - Margaret LaPlante

      Society.

      INTRODUCTION

      The primary tribe of Native Americans in the Rogue Valley was the Takelma Indians. They occupied the land and went about their lives undisturbed except for the occasional fur trapper or explorer who passed through. One group of fur trappers had some trouble with the Takelma Indians and referred to them as Rogues and soon the valley took on that name. They were divided into the Upland and Lowland Takelmas.

      The Takelma women wore knee-length deerskin shirts adorned with fringe of white grass. The men wore deerskin shirts and leggings tied with a belt, deerskin robes, and blankets and hats made from deerskin or bearskin. They lined their moccasins with grass or fur. During the cold months, they wore sleeves made from fox skins all the way to their hands. They embellished their garments with abalone and other shells, white grass braids, and buckskin tassels.

      They wove baskets from tree roots, vines, and other natural resources. The baskets were used for food gathering, food preparation, and serving. They also wove baskets to carry their infants. They had the skill to weave baskets so tightly that they could carry water in them.

      Trading with other tribes allowed them to obtain unique items that were not available to them otherwise. The diet of the Takelma Indians consisted of sugar pine nuts and the bark from the sugar pine tree, wild berries and plums, seeds from other trees and plants, and edible plants that grew naturally. They would shell acorns and then mash them using a mortar and pestle. They would then place the mashed acorns on clean sand and pour hot water over them to leach them. That process was repeated, and the mixture was boiled by placing it into a tightly woven basket filled with water and heating it over hot stones. Camas bulbs were baked in a pit dug in the ground. They would place alder bark between the hot stones in the pit and the bulbs. They would cook the bulbs for a day or two until they were roasted. They could then mash them into cakes and store them for the cold months. The river and creeks were full of salmon and trout. The men found plenty of hunting opportunities for deer and elk.

      The Takelmas lived in what were referred to as Pitt houses. They dug down 18 to 24 inches, the length and width of the house, then erected posts in the corners. They used planks from sugar pine trees for the exterior siding and the roof. Other times the roofing was made entirely from what was available from their natural resources. Most villages also had a sweathouse for the men. They heated the sweathouses by pouring water over large stones that had been heated in a fire then brought into the structure. The men utilized the sweathouses for training and purification.

      Legend has it that in the spring, the snow on Mt. Pitt (now known as Mt. McLaughlin) would begin to melt. As the snow melted, the wings of an angel would appear in the snow that remained on the mountain. When that happened, it was the perfect time to fish for salmon. Fishing was done by hook and line using a bone connected with sinew. Crawfish was used as bait. They also used long nets to catch fish. Salmon could be traded for animal skins. The natural resources of the Takelma Indians were threatened in the early 1850s as more and more white settlers arrived in the valley. The land they knew was disappearing. Tensions began running high between the two groups. Attacks became commonplace with many deaths resulting. Each party claimed that the attack was completely unprovoked. The whites claimed the Takelmas were attacking them as they made their way into the valley and the Takelmas claimed the whites were attacking them and shooting the tribe with their guns.

      The early pioneers of the 1840s found most Native Americans along the Oregon Trail to be friendly and accommodating. There was a language barrier, but they made do with a few simple signals and words. Some Native Americans made a living helping the pioneers cross the treacherous rivers. Others traded with the whites for items that benefitted them both. As the years passed and the number of pioneers increased, the Takelmas resented the erosion of the land they had called home for many years. Their hunting, fishing, and natural vegetation suffered and they began to strike back. When the fighting became too much, many whites went to live with neighbors who had built forts surrounding their homes. They stayed there until it was safe to return home.

      In 1853, after many deaths on both sides, Gen. Joseph Lane was sent from up north by the territorial governor of Oregon to help both sides reach a peaceful agreement. Capt. James W. Nesmith accompanied General Lane and a dozen other men on the journey. He later wrote about the experience saying, After a toilsome march, dragging the howitzer and other materials of war through the Umpqua Canyon and up and down the mountain trails made slippery by recent rains, we arrived at General Lane’s encampment on [the] Rogue River.

      General Lane made arrangements to meet with the Takelma

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