Craft Workbook: Knitting & Crochet
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About this ebook
Charlotte Gerlings
Charlotte Gerlings was born in Reading, England into a home where her mother and grandmother were regularly occupied with dressmaking and stage costumes. She graduated in Publishing from Oxford Polytechnic (now Oxford Brookes) and began work in London as a design assistant with a leading art publisher, before moving into trade publishing. She gained an MA in Fine Art from Wimbledon School of Art and has written books on art history and crafts.
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Book preview
Craft Workbook - Charlotte Gerlings
To Thelma M. Nye, craft editor at B. T. Batsford Ltd for over thirty years and friend and advisor to many grateful authors and designers
Font cover: Shutterstock
Back cover: 1 Double moss [moss] stitch 2 Basketweave stitch 3 Eyelet cable 4 Fishscale stitch 5 Chevrons 6 Diagonal shell pattern 7 Shell edging 8 Granny cluster
This edition published in 2012 by Arcturus Publishing Limited
26/27 Bickels Yard, 151–153 Bermondsey Street,
London SE1 3HA
Copyright © 2011 Arcturus Publishing Limited
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person or persons who do any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
ISBN: 978-1-78212-843-4
AD001608EN
CONTENTS
Introduction
PART I:EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
Needles and hooks chart
Equipment for knitting and crochet
Yarns and fibres
How to read knitting and crochet patterns
Tension [gauge] samples for knitting and crochet
Calculating quantities
PART II:KNITTING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
Holding yarn and needles
Casting [binding] on
Casting [binding] off
The basic stitches and more
PROJECT: Scarf in garter stitch
PROJECT: Toddler’s ribbed hat with turn-up and pompom
Selvedges [selvages]
Emergency procedures
Increasing
Decreasing
Knitting in the round
Button eyelets
Finishing
Decorating: with cross stitch
Decorating: with Swiss darning
Decorating: with tassels and fringes
Decorating: with pompoms
PART III:CROCHET METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
Holding yarn and hook
Chain foundations
Basic stitches
Basic stitch variations
Turning chains
Adding new yarn without knotting
Increasing
Decreasing
Geometric shapes
Fastenings
Edgings
PROJECT: Crochet shawl
Granny squares
Finishing your work
PROJECT: Granny square cushion
Aftercare
Storage
Recycling
Abbreviations and terms
INTRODUCTION
Every generation rediscovers the satisfaction of making things by hand and there is particular pleasure to be had from creating unique clothes and accessories for your family or in knitting for a charity.
Knitting is one of the world’s most popular crafts and not at all difficult to learn, together with its close relation, crochet. Both construct a fabric from interlocking loops of yarn rather than woven threads on a loom. The great advantage of knitting and crochet is that you can carry your work anywhere you go. And the fabric takes shape as you progress – no paper patterns or cutting out – all you have to do at the end is seam the pieces together.
Of course there are certain methods and techniques that a knitter needs to master before his or her creativity can really take flight. This book has been prepared with beginners in mind. The basics of knitting are here, with step-by-step illustrations to guide you, plus sections on equipment, how to read printed patterns, four simple projects and a glossary. The book also aims to be useful to those who first learned to knit as children and would like some quick revision in order to get started again. The terminology used throughout is UK-standard, together with the relevant US terms alongside in square brackets [ ] to make this a practical guide for all readers.
Knitting is such an ancient craft that no one knows exactly when it began. It probably evolved during the Bronze Age from the knotting of fishing nets. A woman’s hair net or snood, c.1400BCE, has been recovered from a peat bog in Denmark; and knitted split-toe socks have been found in Egyptian tombs. The craft clearly grew simultaneously in different parts of the world and no doubt sailors played their part in spreading the knowledge.
European knitting developed into a marketable skill, recognized by the setting up of professional knitting guilds. The only women admitted to these medieval guilds were widows who inherited their husbands’ membership. It’s interesting to note that knitting in the old days seems to have been a male occupation, while women were involved at the start of the process with carding and spinning the yarn fibres.
When the machinery of the Industrial Revolution replaced handworkers, hand knitting survived as a cottage industry and was the sole means of support for many poor families. During both World Wars people of all ages answered the call to Knit for Victory and produced thousands of socks, gloves, mufflers and sweaters for the troops. Whether for a livelihood, charity or leisure activity, knitting continues to provide clothes, toys and items for the home, and it all starts with one ball of yarn and a pair of knitting needles.
PART ONE:
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
KNITTING NEEDLES CONVERSION CHART