Do Americans Believe Capitalism and Government are Working?: Religious Left, Religious Right and the Future of the Economic Debate
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About this ebook
Greed, lack of equal opportunity, poverty and lasting inequality are the reasons more than 4-in-10 (42 percent) Americans say capitalism is not working well, a major new national survey finds. The survey, which explores Americans’ views on faith, values and the economy, also finds that only the oldest Americans believe they are better off than their parents’ generation.
Robert P. Jones
Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to research at the intersection of religion, values, and public life. PRRI’s mission is to help journalists, opinion leaders, scholars, clergy, and the general public better understand debates on public policy issues and the role of religion and values in American public life by conducting high quality public opinion surveys and qualitative research. As members of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), the American Political Science Association (APSA), and the American Academy of Religion (AAR), our research team follows the highest research standards of independence and academic excellence. PRRI is a member organization of the National Council on Public Polls, an association of polling organizations established in 1969, which sets the highest professional standards for public opinion researchers. PRRI is also a supporting organization of the Transparency Initiative at AAPOR, an initiative to place the value of openness at the center of the public opinion research profession. As a research organization, PRRI does not take positions on, nor do we advocate for, particular policies. Research supported by its funders reflects PRRI’s commitment to independent inquiry and academic rigor. Research findings and conclusions are never altered to accommodate other interests, including those of funders, other organizations, or government bodies and officials.
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Do Americans Believe Capitalism and Government are Working? - Robert P. Jones
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Part I: Economic Outlook, Policy, & Values
The Current Economic Context
Economic Priorities
Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Economic Inequality and Mobility
The American Economic System
The Role of the Federal Government
Evaluations of American Capitalism
The Opportunity Society?
The Importance and Reality of Equal Opportunity Today
Personal Responsibility: Work and Family
Economic Policies and Values
Economic Policies
Economic Values for Guiding Government Policy
Part II: Religious Progressives & Religious Conservatives
Religious Orientation: A New Look at the American Religious Landscape
Building Blocks: Theological, Economic, and Social Orientations
Religious Progressives vs. Religious Conservatives
Part III: Progressive Policies, Conservative Narratives: Religious Right, Religious Left, and the Paradoxes of Economic Justice
Perspectives on Survey Findings By E. J. Dionne Jr. and William A. Galston
Introduction
Conservative and Progressive Religious Coalitions
Competing Economic Narratives
Surprises Along the Gender Gap
Religion, Discontent, and Hope
Appendices
Acknowledgements
The 2013 Economic Values Survey was made possible by a generous grant from the Ford Foundation and a generous gift from Ariel and Adam Zurofsky. In addition to our funders, the authors would like to thank MacKenzie Babb for her substantial editorial and research assistance; Emily Fetsch for her extensive research and creative assistance; Joshua Barlow for his able assistance with graphics and report layout; Korin Davis and Ross Tilchin for their invaluable assistance with report production; and Alicia Cho, Geng Ngarmboonanant and Elizabeth Thom for their meticulous fact-checking. We would also like to thank Rabinowitz-Dorf Communications and Christine Jacobs of the Brookings Institution for providing communications outreach for the survey release.
© Public Religion Research Institute and The Brookings Institution
Robert P. Jones, Ph.D., CEO
2027 Massachusetts Ave NW, 3rd Floor
Washington, DC 20036
http://www.publicreligion.org/
Released on July 18, 2013.
Executive Summary
The top four most important economic issues cited by Americans today are the lack of jobs (26%), the budget deficit (17%), the rising cost of health care (18%), and the increasing gap between the rich and poor (15%). About 1-in-10 say that social security (9%) or the rising cost of education (9%) is the country’s most important economic problem.
• While roughly one-quarter of Republicans (26%) and Democrats (25%) say the lack of jobs is America’s most important economic problem, Republicans and Democrats strongly differ in their views of the importance of the budget deficit (31% vs. 7% most important) and the increasing gap between the rich and the poor (6% vs. 21% most important).
Americans are generally pessimistic about upward economic mobility. Nearly half (47%) of Americans believe that their generation is worse off financially than their parents’ generation, compared to 16% who believe their generation is doing about the same, and 36% who believe they are better off than their parents’ generation.
• The Silent Generation (age 66-88) is the only generation in which a majority (59%) believe they are better off than their parents’ generation. Only one-quarter (26%) of the Silent Generation believe their generation is worse off than their parents’ generation. Baby Boomers (age 49-67) are divided (45% worse off vs. 40% better off). Majorities of younger Americans in Generation X (age 34-48) (51%) and Millennials (age 18-33) (58%) believe they are worse off than their parents’ generation.
A majority (54%) of Americans agree that hard work and determination are no guarantee of success for most people, while 45% disagree.
• There are substantial divisions by income level. Nearly 6-in-10 (59%) Americans with household incomes under $30,000 a year believe hard work and determination are no guarantee of success, a view held by less than half (48%) of Americans with household incomes in excess of $100,000 a year.
Less than one-third of Americans believe the federal government is either generally working (7%) or working with some major problems (24%). Roughly two-thirds say the federal government is broken but working in some areas (40%) or completely broken (26%).
More than 6-in-10 (63%) Americans agree that government should be doing more to reduce the gap between rich and poor. Similar numbers (62%) say it is the responsibility of government to take care of people who cannot take care of themselves. A majority (56%) of Americans also believe the government should guarantee health insurance for all citizens, even if it would require tax increases.
A majority of Americans believe American capitalism is working very well (9%) or somewhat well (45%), while more than 4-in-10 say it is working not too well (26%) or not at all well (16%).
• Among Americans who say American capitalism is working, one-third (33%) believe this is because the system encourages personal responsibility, while a similar number say capitalism is working because it provides equal opportunities for everyone (29%). About 1-in-4 (24%) say capitalism is working well because it promotes individual freedom, and roughly 1-in-10 (11%) cite the creation of wealth.
• Among Americans who say American capitalism is not working, more than one-third (34%) say this is because the system encourages greed. Roughly 3-in-10 (28%) say that American capitalism is not working because it does not provide equal opportunities for everyone. More than 1-in-10 say the primary reason capitalism is not working is because it creates poverty (14%), or because it creates lasting inequalities (11%).
A majority of Americans (53%) believe that one of the big problems in this country is that we don’t give everyone an equal chance in life.
By contrast, nearly 4-in-10