Better Balance: Easy Exercises to Improve Stability and Prevent Falls
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About this ebook
To create this report, two physicians with expertise in balance and aging joined forces with two master trainers to develop safe, effective balance exercises that can help stop this cycle. With practice, almost anyone can achieve better balance. Strong legs and flexible ankles help prevent falls and allow you to catch yourself if you do trip. What's more, the full blend of recommended activities can help you build better awareness of your body and surroundings, boost your confidence, and tune up your heart and lungs to keep you healthy and independent.
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Better Balance - Suzanne E. Salamon, MD
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BETTER BALANCE
SPECIAL HEALTH REPORT
Medical Editors
Suzanne Salamon M.D.
Associate Chief for Clinical Programs,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Division of Gerontology
Instructor, Division of Gerontology,
Harvard Medical School
Brad Manor. Ph.D.
Director, Aging and Balance Control Laboratory,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Division of Gerontology
Instructor in Medicine,
Harvard Medical School
Personal Trainers
Josie Gardiner
Master Trainer and Fitness Consultant
Joy Prouty
Master Trainer and Fitness Consultant
Writer
Francesca Coltrera
Photographer
Michael Carroll
Editor
Annmarie F. Dadoly
Editor, Special Health Reports
Kathleen Cahill Allison
Published by Harvard Medical School
Anthony L Komaroff, M.D., Editor in Chief Edward Coburn, Publishing Director
Copyright ©2012 by Harvard University. Written permission is required to reproduce, in any manner, in whole or in part, the material contained herein. Submit reprint requests in writing to:
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ISBN: 978-1-61401-013-5
The goal of materials provided by Harvard Health Publications is to interpret medical information for the general reader. This report is not intended as a substitute for personal medical advice, which should be obtained directly from a physician.
Contents
How balance works
Why improve your balance
The body’s balance systems
Balance problems
Investigating balance problems
Age-related balance problems
Health conditions that affect balance
Medications that affect balance
How your doctor can help
SPECIAL BONUS SECTION: Preventing falls
Why do people fall?
Personal safety checklist
Home hazards checklist
Activities that enhance balance
Starting balance workouts safely
Do you need to see a doctor?
Additional safety tips
Balance workouts and your overall fitness plan
Current exercise recommendations
The health benefits of exercise
Fitting balance workouts into an overall exercise plan
Using the workouts
Choosing the right equipment
Understanding the workout instructions
Answers to four common questions
Warm-ups
Beginner Balance Workout
Standing Balance Workout
Balance in Motion Workout
Balance 360 Workout
Balance on the Beam Workout
Yoga Balance Workout
Resources
Glossary
Dear Reader,
When a toddler tumbles, he or she may shed a few tears before surging ahead again unscathed. When an adult falls, particularly an older adult, consequences are often far worse. Every year, falls prove fatal for thousands of people. In 2009, more than 22,300 people ages 55 or older died this way. Hip fractures and head injuries from falls undermine independence and raise risk for an early death. Cuts, bruises, and hard knocks to confidence result, too.
Poor balance, a persistent problem for millions of Americans, triggers many falls. In young, healthy adults, balance is largely an automatic reflex. However, gradual changes linked to growing older—such as weak or inflexible muscles, slower reflexes, and worsening eyesight—affect the sense of balance. Certain health problems—such as inner ear disorders, neuropathy, and heart rhythm disturbances—may upset balance, too. So can alcohol and many medications. Perhaps it’s not surprising that every year, at least one out of three people over age 65 falls.
Shaky balance can spur a downward spiral. Often, people begin moving around less during the day, voluntarily cutting back activities. Confidence dips, muscles essential to balance grow weaker still, and unsteadiness rises in response. So does fear of falling.
For this report, we’ve combined our expertise to select safe, effective balance exercises that can help stop this cycle. With practice, almost anyone can achieve better balance. Strong legs and flexible ankles help prevent falls and allow you to catch yourself if you do trip. What’s more, the full blend of recommended activities can help you build better awareness of your body and surroundings, boost your confidence, and tune up your heart and lungs to keep you healthy and independent.
Falls occur for many reasons, of course. Clutter, broken pavement, dim lighting, and even essential medications can play a role. That’s why we’ve written an in-depth section on fall prevention. Our checklists offer step-by-step strategies for fall-proofing yourself and your home.
So, flip through the pages of this Special Health Report. Read the safety and fall-prevention tips. Talk to your doctor about health problems and medications that could play a role in falls. Then get started on the walking plan and balance workouts. Fewer injuries and a restored zest in life are well worth the effort.
Sincerely,
Suzanne Salamon, M.D. Medical Editor
Josie Gardiner Master Trainer
Brad Manor, Ph.D. Medical Editor
Joy Prouty Master Trainer
How balance works
Why spend precious time improving your balance? What is balance, anyway, and which systems in the body govern it? This chapter addresses these questions.
Why improve your balance?
Every year, one in three adults 65 or older falls at least once. Over the past decade, deaths from falls have risen sharply for this age group, according