53 Interesting Ways of Helping Your Students to Study: Proven Strategies for Supporting Students
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53 Interesting Ways of Helping Your Students to Study - Hannah Strawson
53
Interesting
Ways
of Helping
your students
to Study
Proven strategies for
supporting students
Hannah Strawson, Trevor Habeshaw,
Graham Gibbs and Sue Habeshaw
First published in Australia and New Zealand by Allen & Unwin in 2012
This edition published in the United Kingdom in 2012 by The Professional and Higher Partnership
Based on an earlier edition by Trevor Habeshaw, Sue Habeshaw and Graham
Gibbs, first published in 1987 by Technical and Educational Services Ltd.
Revised and updated for this edition by Hannah Strawson.
Copyright © The Professional and Higher Partnership Ltd 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act.
Allen & Unwin
Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland, London
83 Alexander Street
Crows Nest NSW 2065
Australia
Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100
Email: info@allenandunwin.com
Web: www.allenandunwin.com
Cataloguing-in-Publication details are available
from the National Library of Australia
www.trove.nla.gov.au
ISBN 978 1 74331 159 2
Printed and bound in Australia by SOS Print + Media Group
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Titles in this series
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 Beginning
1 Starting off
2 What do I do in the lecture?
3 Mottoes
4 Concentrating
5 Understanding and remembering
6 Keeping organised
7 Self-help groups
Chapter 2 Planning
8 The next five minutes
9 Planning your week
10 This term
11 Planning a project
12 Reviewing
Chapter 3 Reading
13 Reading lists
14 SQ3R
15 Reading flexibly
16 Reading a journal article
17 Mess it up
Chapter 4 Taking notes
18 Why take notes?
19 Taking notes from books
20 Taking notes in lectures
21 Recording lectures
22 Using patterns
23 Sharing notes
Chapter 5 Writing
24 How to write an essay
25 Planning a discussion essay
26 Explaining
27 Signposts
28 Essay writing: diagnostic checklist
29 Bits of paper
30 Project pictures
Chapter 6 Learning with others
31 The worst seminar I ever attended
32 Group agreement
33 Class audit
34 Mentors
35 Interacting with others
36 Checking up on the seminar
37 Recording the group
38 Student-led seminars
Chapter 7 Using resources
39 Library quiz
40 Internet research
41 Without reading the book
42 This is how it works
Chapter 8 Revising right, revising wrong
44 How my tutors could help me
45 What’s your worry?
46 Using patterns in revision
47 Group preparation for exams
48 Action plans
49 Any questions?
Chapter 9 Exams
50 Horror stories
51 Mock exam
52 Key words in exam questions
53 First class answer
Titles in the series
53 Interesting Things to do in your Lectures
53 Interesting Things to do in your Seminars and Tutorials
53 Interesting Ways of Helping your Students to Study
Foreword
The original edition of 53 interesting ways of helping your students to study was published in a series called ‘Interesting ways to teach’. It was written by Sue Habeshaw, Graham Gibbs and Trevor Habeshaw – all of them experienced teachers – and published by their company, Technical and Educational Services. The book proved popular amongst peers in post-compulsory education and ran to several editions.
Now that the original authors have retired from teaching, we are very pleased to have acquired from them the rights to this and other titles from that series. Much of the original material remains fresh and helpful. The text has, however, been revised and updated where appropriate. This task has been performed by Hannah Strawson. In four places (items 6, 21, 40 and 42), the original text has been replaced wholesale.
Anthony Haynes & Karen Haynes
The Professional and Higher Partnership Ltd
Introduction
Effective learners are autonomous: they make their own decisions about how, when and what to learn, rather than passively following general advice. Hence there are no right or wrong study techniques. Moreover, students are perfectly capable of discovering what works best for themselves through examining their own experience and that of their colleagues. Effective learning has more to do with awareness and understanding of the purpose and process of learning than with techniques or mechanical skills.
Students do not casually abandon their existing learning methods, which are often deep-rooted habits. Development consists of a gradual evolution of methods based on an understanding of past and present experience.
In these exercises, therefore, there is no attempt to tell students how to study and very little direct advice of any kind. Decision-making is left to students. The purpose of the exercises is to help students to become more reflective, more autonomous and thus more effective learners. Exercises are designed to put students into an informed position from which they can make their own decisions about studying. Where conclusions are drawn they are the conclusions of students themselves. Where techniques are introduced the aim is to offer new experience and raise awareness rather than to advise all students to use the particular technique.
In the exercises in this book students are encouraged to become observers of their own performance. This will usually be done by their engaging in the process of reflection through thinking or writing about their experience. This personal reflection, once completed, is re-inforced if they discuss their ideas with one or more of their colleagues – a process we strongly recommend. Even when very large groups are involved, it is still important to arrange for students to discuss their learning with each other. If students are to become autonomous learners, this discussion must be based on a student-centred approach which underplays the role of the tutor.
The group methods which are used most frequently in this book are as follows.
PAIRS
Simply talking things through with someone else enables arguments and ideas to be rehearsed, as well as informing each person about the arguments and ideas of the other.
BUZZ GROUPS
These tend to be rather more structured than simply ‘talking things through’. Usually the discussion will concern a specific question or topic, which students are asked to consider for a couple of minutes or so. Buzz groups needn’t entail any reporting back or pooling of points.
ROUNDS
This is a simple way of ensuring that everyone speaks. In a ‘round’ everyone, including the tutor, speaks about a given topic. It is helpful if the chairs can be arranged in a circle or horseshoe shape so that everyone can see everyone else. The ground rules which apply in ‘rounds’ include the following:
• people speak in turn, not out of turn;
• everyone listens when it’s not their turn;
• it’s OK to repeat what someone else has said.
PYRAMID
The pyramid (or ‘snowball’) method has four stages. First, students work alone. In this way individuals are able to concentrate on clarifying their own views on the matter in hand. Then, in pairs, they share their thoughts or notes with each other. This gives them the opportunity to try out their ideas on someone else. Then groups of four discuss the problems, issues, applications, etc. which derive from the topic. This then normally leads to some pooling of ideas, conclusions or solutions.
SYNDICATE GROUPS
These are small groups of students, say four to six in number, who work on the same problem, or on different aspects of the same problem, at the same time. On completion of the task