THEN AND NOW

Writing from Paris, where he had arrived four years earlier, Guangdong-born art critic Hou Hanru—soon to be a leading independent curator in the era of globalization—explored the challenges that many Chinese immigrant artists face in the Euro-American art world. (1993), which appropriated and combined airport passport control signs—such as “EU Nationals” and “Others”—with actual lion cages containing only the scent and feces of the animal, highlighting how the experience of going through passport control reinforces national identity and differences.