Fiery Ferments to Preserve Your Peppers

IT ALWAYS STARTS innocently enough: You thought you’d grow red peppers (Capsicum spp.), half a dozen green chiles, maybe a ‘Fresno’ chile or two, and of course you wanted to try to grow ‘Chocolate’ habaneros — oh, and you love poblanos, so put a few of those in, too. They’ve grown and grown — and you’re staring at more than a peck or two of peppers. Now what? The standard preservation choices are freezing, dehydrating, or canning, but you could also freeze-dry them with the right equipment.

Let’s talk about canning. Some vegetables confound even the most seasoned canner, and peppers are one of them. Before discovering fermentation, I was that girl who canned everything. I really did try to roast and can green chiles to make our own homegrown, Hatch-style chiles. Because peppers are low-acid vegetables, they require 45 minutes in a pressure canner. They looked beautiful through the jar, but they disintegrated into mush when I went to make my first chiles rellenos. If you want to can your peppers, you must pickle them first. You have to submerge the peppers in vinegar (as the key to safe preservation is to acidify, the definition of pickling) and then water bath can them. And while they’re certainly