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Shutter speed conundrum

I have been taking photos of motorcycle racing and am struggling to get everything spot on. To capture a shot where the graphics on the bike are sharp while the wheels look as though they are revolving while the background is blurred is difficult. At say 100th second, the bike may move half a metre, and the circumference of the wheel moves further than the brake disk.

Perhaps Professor Newman could write one of his articles to explain the math. There is presumably a mathematical correlation between the speed of the bike, distance travelled by the wheel rim, distance from the camera, focal length and speed of the shutter