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GPRS

by Prakshet Thapa MSD, Jawalakhel 3G n GPRS Section Mob:9851144444

Contents
Evolution of Wireless Introduction of GPRS GPRS Architecture SGSN, GGSN, BG, DNS, CG GPRS characteristics GPRS data rate Session management in GPRS Location management in GPRS Routine Area Code Radio Channels in GPRS GPRS Roaming and Billing Application

Cellular Evolution Timeline

Nepal Telecom Mobile Service Directorate

Evolution of WCDMA CN
Organization

2G

2.5G

2.75G

3G

3GPP

GSM

CS

GPRS

Edge

PS

3GPP2

CDMA

CDMA2000

What is GPRS
GPRS is the abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service GPRS provides end to end packet switch service for user based on GSM GPRS make the best use of existing GSM network GPRS provides highly efficient use of radio resources GPRS provides as high as 171.2Kbps access rate

What is PS
PS is the packet switch network in WCDMA core network PS provides end-to-end packet switch service for users PS has almost the same elements and network structure with GPRS PS can provides access for GPRS radio access equipment and 2/3G hybrid network WCDMA-PS provides as high as 2Mbps access rate

GPRS Network GPRS Network

GPRS MS
BSS

MSC

GMSC

ISDN
Voice CS service line PS service line
PCU TE GSN Backbone

Packet Data

Internet X.25

SGSN

GGSN

ZXG10 GPRS System Structure

PS Network
Node B RNC Iu-CS MSC
TDM/A TM

GMSC PSTN

A
BTS BSC Gb Gn Iu-PS SGSN Gr

HLR

Gc GGSN

Gateway GPRS Support Node

IP
Gn Ga Gp Gi

Internet

Serving GPRS Support Node

CG

Inter-PLMN

Charging Gateway

Billing Center

GPRS Network Elements

GPRS Architecture is same as GSM except few hardware modifications : GPRS includes GSNs SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node

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Interfaces
Gb Connects BSC with SGSN Gn SGSN SGSN/GGSN (in the same network) Gp SGSN GGSN (in different networks) Gi Connects PLMN with external PDNs Gr To exchange User profile between HLR & SGSN Gs To exchange Database between SGSN & MSC Gd Interface between SMS & GPRS Gf For equipment querying at registering time

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SGSN Function
Perform mobility management for GPRS terminals (attach/detach, user authentication, ciphering, location management) Route packets between mobile terminals and the GGSN
Detect and Register new GPRS MS in its serving area Its location register stores location info. & user profiles

Charging information

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GGSN Function
Routing Select, PDP PDU Transfer, Address Mapping Tunnel Capsulate and Transfer Subscriber Data Management Session Management IP Address Management Charging Information Select

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DNS Function
SGSN GGSN(A)

ISP A GPRS Core Network

BSS DNS GGSN(B) Internet/ Intranet

ISP B

MS

When activating PDP, APN is used to get the IP address of GGSN Get old SGSN IP address during the process of inter-SGSN routing area update

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CG Function
GPRS Bore
SGSN/GGSN TCP/UDP GTP'
FTAM/FTP FTAM/FTP

SGSN/GGSN

BC CG

TCP/IP

CG OMM Server

CG OMM Client

CG OMM Client

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CG Function
CG implements the following functions:
CDRs generated by GSNs collected in real time Buffering the CDRs Preprocessing the CDRs, such as CDR consolidation and filtering, deleting certain CDR fields, and modifying or adding some CDR fields. Transferring the CDRs to the BC.

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CG CDRs
S-CDR S-SMO-CDR S-SMT-CDR M-CDR G-CDR

SGSN

GGSN
Backbone Network

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BG Function
BG implement these functions
Security: IPSec and firewall Routing protocol: BGP Billing protocol: negotiated by operators, collect billing information

Usually based on router Can be the same equipment as GGSN

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HLR/AUC Function
Store and update GPRS user profile User authentication Processing the location/routing information related to mobility management and route selection, such as
Store and update users serving SGSN number and address MS reachable or not flag

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MSC/VLR Function
When Gs interface is installed, MSC/VLR can support:
SGSN and MSC/VLR relationship establishment and maintenance GPRS joint mobility management Joint IMSI/GPRS attach/detach Joint location area/routing area updating Circuit paging coordination function

Improve the radio resource utilization ratio

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GPRS characteristics
GPRS uses packet switched resource allocation

resources allocated only when data is to be sent/received

Flexible channel allocation

one to eight time slots available resources shared by active users up and down link channels reserved separately GPRS and circuit switched GSM services can use same time slots alternatively

Traffic characteristics suitable for GPRS

Intermittent, bursty data transmissions Frequent transmissions of small volumes of data Infrequent transmission of larger volumes of data

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Air interface resources

An example of occupied TCH capacity by CS traffic during busy hour with n% blocking
GPRS "steals" any TCH capacity not used by CS traffic
16 14 12 10 TCH 8 6
16 14 12 10
TCH

Free Capacity

4 2 0 1:00 PM
3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00

Capacity occupied by CS traffic

8 6 4 2 0

1:15 PM

1:30 PM

1:45 PM

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Statistical Multiplexing

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GPRS Data Rates

Scheme CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 Data Rate (kbps) 9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4 Note
Best performance for low C/I values CS-2 and CS-3 have similar performance CS-2 and CS-3 have similar performance Needs high C/I values

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GPRS Terminals
Class A support simultaneous GPRS and GSM voice services with two channels Class B support either GPRS and GSM voice services with simultaneous network attachment Class C support only GPRS service

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Iu mode
CS/PS mode: Same as Class A in A/Gb mode PS mode: MS can only operate packet switched services CS mode: MS can only operate circuit switched services

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APN information

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SESSION MANAGEMENT IN GPRS

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Attachment & Detachment Procedure

GPRS attach
- User is registered in SGSN, after authentication check from HLR - SGSN assigns P-TMSI to MS

GPRS detach
- Disconnection of MS from GPRS network is called GPRS detach - It can be initiated by MS or by network(SGSN or HLR)

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Session Management
Mobile Station applies for PDP address For each session PDP context is created & it contains
PDP addressed assigned to MS Address of GGSN that servers access point to PDN

With active PDP context MS able to send or receive data packets Allocation of PDP address can be static or dynamic

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PDP Context Activation

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LOCATION MANAGEMENT IN GPRS

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State Model of GPRS MS

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Location Management
Mobile station can be in 1 of the 3 states depending on traffic amount
Idle : MS is not using GPRS service
Ready : Performing GPRS Attach, MS gets into READY State Standby : When MS does not send any packets for longer period of time,

Ready timer Expires

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Routing Area Update

GSM Location Area(LA) is divided into several Routing Areas(RA) RA consists of several cells SGSN is informed when MS moves to a new RA MS sends a Routing Area Update Request to its assigned SGSN

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Routing Area Update

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Channels in GPRS Logical Channel

Traffic Channels Signaling Channels (Control Channels)

Physical Channels

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Logical Channels

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Packet Data Channel(PDCH)

Physical Channel for GPRS Traffic PDCH are taken from all channels available in the cell Depending on current traffic load and priority of service, the physical channel are allocated to either GPRS or GSM services. Physical channels not currently used by GSM can be allocated as PDCH to increase the QOS for GPRS

GPRS Roaming & GRX

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Visited Operator BTS BSC

2

SGSN
8 3

Visiting user selects to use home APN MS sends "activate PDP context SGSN asks for GGSN IP address (using APN as the key) from visited DNS Visited DNS asks GPRS root DNS: "who knows the IP address for this name?

Visited DNS
5

7 VISITED PLMN

BG

GGSN
4

GPRS root DNS replies the home DNS address to visited DNS Can pass through GRXs Visited DNS asks home DNS for GGSN address

GRX
BG HOME PLMN 6 Root DNS Home Operator GGSN A P

Internet

Home DNS replies the GGSN IP address

Visited DNS replies SGSN SGSN creates PDP context with home GGSN

my.isp.com 9 Home DNS myoperator.fi.gprs

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Billing
PSTN MSC MSC SGSN BSC GPRS Network GGSN

Charging Gateway

Mediation

Billing

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Other Data related VAS MMS MVS Video On Demand Live TV

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Applications
Standard data network protocol based IP based applications WWW, FTP, Telnet, ... Any conventional TCP/IP based applications GPRS specific protocol based Point-to-point applications Toll road system, UIC train control system Point-to-multipoint applications Weather info, road traffic info, news, fleet

management SMS delivery (GPRS as a bearer for SMS)

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Thanks for listening