Thermal station (TPP) is a thermal power plant producing energy and being a heat source of energy in district heating

supply system of the city (central heating, hot water).

Boilers
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.

"Pot boiler" or "Haycock boiler": a primitive "kettle" where a fire heats a partially filled water container from below. Fire-tube boiler. Here, water partially fills a boiler barrel with a small volume left above to accommodate the steam (steam space). Water-tube boiler. In this type, the water tubes are arranged inside a furnace in a number of possible configurations: often the water tubes connect large drums, the lower ones containing water and the upper ones, steam and water. Flash boiler. A specialized type of water-tube boiler.

CONDENSOR
The main purpose of a condenser is to recover the water used to make the steam and "close the loop"... A condenser really isn't necessary to operate steam equipment (reciprocating or turbine could exhaust steam to the atmosphere), but the use of a condenser will greatly increase efficiency. Consider a steam locomotive which ran the rails of the old west without a condenser("Open Loop"). You just had to refill the locomotive with water periodically to replace what was lost in the exhausted steam. By using a condenser the steam cycle loop is closed allowing a great increase in efficiency by the recycling of water and recovery of heat that would otherwise be lost.

Generator
The turbine generator consists of a series of steam turbines interconnected to each other and a generator on a common shaft.

5. Coal Ash
There are two ash byproducts in a thermal power station. These are 1. 2. Bottom ash and Fly ash.

Understanding Coal Fired Thermal Power Plants

Fly ash contains a toxic brew of dangerous chemicals and is the largest contributor to mercury pollution

Bottom ash as the name implies falls to the bottom of the boiler (incinerator) during combustion. This is transported when cool by means of conveyors or pipes to a collection area. This product is usually quite (relatively) valuable. It is often used in the construction industry as an aggregate in concrete. Fly ash is collected from the smoke that is discharged in the chimney. Electrostatic precipitators ionize the ash particles and they are collected on plates. The ash is then deposited and stored in silos or piled as a waste in fields near the power plant. There are many studies underway to find uses for this product.

Understanding Coal fired Thermal Power plants

Air Quality Around the coal based plants the ambient concentrations of Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and SPM are high. Epidemiological Studies have shown that of the area surrounding coal based thermal plants, population living within a 2 -5 km radius of the plant suffers from respiratory disorders . Two other gases, carbon dioxide and ozone are emitted. The high amount of carbon dioxide emission from thermal power plants contribute to global warming leading to climate change is significant Ground level ozone, which is formed due to photolytic reactions of NOx and its impacts are under study