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Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics

Ohms Law
It is an electrical law that is used to determine the electrical power of the electric circuit. It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points.

Ohms Law
Defines the relationship between resistance. voltage, current and

These basic electrical units apply to direct current, or alternating current.


Ohms Law is the foundation of electronics and electricity.

This formula is used extensively by electricians. Without a thorough understanding of Ohms Law an electrician can not design or troubleshoot even the simplest of electronic or electrical circuits.
Ohm established in the late 1820s that if a voltage was applied to a resistance then current would flow and then power would be consumed.

George Simon Ohm


Bavarian (German) physicist and mathematician. As a high school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his own creation, Ohm found that there is a direct proportionality between the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric current. This relationship is known as Ohm's law.

Symbols being Use in Ohms Law

Formulas for Ohms Law


V = I x R (Voltage = Current multiplied by Resistance)
R = V / I (Resistance = Voltage divided by Current)

I = V / R (Current = Voltage Divided by Resistance)

Things to remember:
First, current is inversely proportional resistance. (What does this mean?) to

It means the amount of current will decrease if we increase the amount of resistance and maintain the amount of voltage at its fixed or permanent value.

Vice versa, if we reduce the amount of load resistance, current will increase, if the applied voltage is maintained at its constant or fixed value.

Second Principle : Current is directly proportional to voltage.


It simply means that current in the circuit will increase if we raise or increase the applied voltage and hold the resistance at its constant or permanent value.

Ohm's Law is a very simple and useful tool for analyzing electric circuits. It is used so often in the study of electricity and electronics that it needs to be committed to memory by the serious student. For those who are not yet comfortable with algebra, there's a trick to remembering how to solve for any one quantity, given the other two. First, arrange the letters E, I, and R in a triangle like this:

If you know E and I, and wish to determine R, just eliminate R from the picture and see what's left:

If you know E and R, and wish to determine I, eliminate I and see what's left:

Lastly, if you know I and R, and wish to determine E, eliminate E and see what's left:

Let's see how these equations might work to help us analyze simple circuits:

If we know the values of any two of the three quantities (voltage, current, and resistance) in this circuit, we can use Ohm's Law to determine the third.

calculate the amount of current (I) in a circuit, given values of voltage (E) and resistance (R):

calculate the amount of resistance (R) in a circuit, given values of voltage (E) and current (I):

calculate the amount of voltage supplied by a battery, given values of current (I) and resistance (R):

The force or pressure behind electricit y

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