Interview and drive test tips

WCDMA Introduction and Overview

WCDMA concept and Architecture Spreading and Scrambling Codes and Channels Code tree Rake Receiver Soft, Softer and Hard hand over Power control - fast and slow

WCDMA Drive test Overview using TEMS Investigation

TEMS Parameter for WCDMA Optimization Tips for WCDMA WCDMA Tools for Drive Test 3G Voice Call Testing 3G Packet call & Video call testing 3G Drive test KPI overview 3G Optimization overview

WCDMA Frequency and Spectrum

Uplink=1920MHz -1980 MHz Downlink= 2110MHz -2170MHz Bandwidth=60 MHz Actual B.W assign to operator is 5MHz And out of that 3.84 MHZ is utilize. In WCDMA frequency reuse factor =1 because time and frequency remains constant.

In WCDMA first following process is done before Reading BCCH frequency. Slot Synchronization Frame Synchronization Scrambling Code CPICH is pilot which will read BCCH information After Synchronization . In WCDMA following Channels use for various function in UL/DL. Downlink:Uplink:1.DL DPCH 1.UL DPDCH 2.DL CCPH 2. UL DPCCH 3. P-CCPH 3. UL CPCH 4. S-CCPH 4. UL PRACH 5. SCH 5. HS-DPCCH 6. PICH 7. CPICH (primary and secondary) 8. AICH

WCDMA Spreading process

Spreading:- This is used to increase the B.W of the signal beyond the bandwidth normally required to accommodate information. For Spreading OVSF code are used which is known as Orthogonal variable spreading factor code . Spreading factor=chip rate/symbol rate . Scrambling Scrambling is used on top of the spreading so , it does not change the signal bandwidth but only makes the signal from different source separable from each other. Process gain = 10 log (chip rate/bit rate) As bit rate increase process gain decrease . Cell breathing is situation where cell foot print decrease due to large amount of user access the network beyond the capacity of that particular cell.

Eb /NO= Bit energy/Noise energy

Ec/No = Chip Energy /Noise Energy.

Ec/No= Eb/No - process gain As per Eb/No is fixed for each service for Ex: voice =2 and video=4 Ec/N0= 2- 10= -8 for voice(for voice -8 is good limit) Ec/N0= 4-18= -14 for video(for video -14 is good limit) Process gain(voice) = chip rate/bit rate= 10dB Process gain (video) = chip rate /bit rate= 18dB Chip rate = 3.84Mchips in WCDMA.

WCDMA codes

Code tree

Rake Receiver

Soft Handoff

Power Control types

For Speech drive Test

Mobile TX power Received signal strength indication Target Signal to interfere ratio Signal to interfere ratio Speech quality mean opinion square Dedicate channel

GSM/WCDMA

Speech quality

SQI MOS Algorithm

Downlink Dedicate channel BLER%

Active Set- Currently serving Cell Measured neighbor- Defined Neighbor Detected Neighbor- Undefined strong detected server UARFCN DL- UMTS Absolute radio frequency channel number

Ranges for Radio Parameter

1. CPICH EC/No- 0 to -34 dB. 2. CPICH RSCP - -15 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger. 3.Ms TX power -44 dBm to 60 dBm 4. UTRA Carrier RSSI - -20 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger. 5. SQI MOS - 1 to 5 6. SQI - -20dBQ to 30 dBQ 7 . SIR - -30 t0 20 db (signal interfere ratio measured on DPCCH ) 12.2 Kbit/s: 30 dBQ 10.2 Kbit/s: 28 dBQ 7.95 kbit/s: 28 dBQ 7.40 kbit/s: 27 dBQ 6.70 kbit/s: 27 dBQ 5.90 kbit/s: 24 dBQ 5.15 kbit/s: 21 dBQ 4.75 kbit/s: 19 dBQ

Drive Test KPI

ParameterRSSI In Between -75 to -85 dbm RSCP In Between -75 to -85 dbm Ec /Io In Between -8 to -10 db FER 1% or 2% Ms TX Power - Between -5 to -10 Soft Handoff 35% of total time

Use full Plots

Server Plot Useful to find out Swap or Overshooting. UE Plot - To Check Neighbour Relation. RSCP Plot- Coverage wholes Ec /No- for good Throughput and removing pilot pollution. 4th best Server Echno should be > -10db 5th best Server Echno should be > -10db

Condition for Radio Environment

Pilot Pollution RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /Io =< -10 dB Coverage Limited RSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /Io => -10 dB Poor Radio ConditionRSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /Io =< -10 dB Good Coverage RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /Io => -10 dB

3G voice call testing

SCFT-Single Cell Functional Test Before the single site verification, we should only ensure the following conditions have been met.
Alarm Check Cell Status Check Parameter Check

Alarm Check / Cell Status Check

The product support engineer will be responsible for checking and resolving all the alarms. It is

important for the optimization engineer prior to any

3G voice call testing

Site Verification Items: Installations: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/Io, Rx Antenna Swap Test Settings: Frequency & SC, Cell reselection parameters, LAC/RAC, Neighbor List. Functions: LA/RA update, 3G<->2G Cell reselection, SMS (MT & MO), Voice (MT & MO), VP (MT & MO), PS Attach & Detach, PS service, Voice/VP/PS soft handover, Voice 3G->2G handover

Testing On CELL site

Items: Voice Call (MT & MO) Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the voice call quality is good Method: Make the dialing test of 3G voice service between two 3G mobiles,

one for the terminating call and another one for the originating call. Test the
voice communication quality Items: Voice Call (MT & MO) Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the voice call quality is good Method: Make the dialing test of 3G voice service between two 3G mobiles, one for the terminating call and another one for the originating call. Test the

voice communication quality

Feeder Connection Check

Test Process Items: Antenna swapping test Purpose: Verify the Rx feeder installation is right. Method: Switch the transmitter from one feeder to another, check the RSCP changed or not. If no change happened, it means that the feeder is correct. Notes: Check the RSCP from scanner

Problem and Solution

In the site verification, following problems have been found
Scrambling Code Setting is wrong: The scrambling code from scanner and mobile is different from the planning

After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than

before.

Scrambling Code Setting is wrong The Scrambling Code may be wrong in RNC, check the datasheet in RNC. If the Scrambling Code from scanner is the same as that of another sector in same site planned, maybe the

DATA drive window

Data Drive Parameter with low through. put

Channel quality index

Modulation technique As 64 QAM is utilized so less HSDPA throughput is less.

Case-2 with high throughput

In this case 16 QAM is used 100% and Throughput is high

Data Drive
There is 3 modulation technique QPSK,16QAM,64QAM. For high through put 16QAM and 64QAM should be utilized high Utilization So, if There is less Utilization of QPSK in downlink than data throughput is also high CQI is like SQI in speech which ensure good channel quality for data transfer. Retransmission of HS- DSCH(High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel) packet is high than also throughput is decreases. In case of stationary Data Test- 2Mbits speed can be achieved In case of moving Vehicle 800kbits to 1.2 Kbits speed can be achieved. Application throughput is always 85% of physical layer data rate throughput because at application level IP inclusion and overhead information will be there. Latency time is round trip time from server and for 3G it should be 150 ms for 32 bit data .

The modulation scheme and coding is changed on a per-user basis depending on signal quality and cell usage. The initial scheme is Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), but in good radio conditions 16QAM and 64QAM can significantly increase data throughput rates. With 5 Code allocation, QPSK typically offers up to 1.8 Mbit/s peak data rates, while 16QAM offers up to 3.6. Additional codes (e.g. 10, 15) can also be used to improve these data rates or extend the network capacity throughput significantly. Data Throughput will be also depend on MS class which support 5,10 and 15 codes resp. CQI- Channel quality information may include carrier level received signal strength indication (RSSI) and bit error rate (BER). I Channel quality indicators are messages that are sent on a communication system (such as a mobile communication system) that provide the remote connection (e.g. base station)

Drive Test tool for drive

Sony Ericsson C702 (capable of Scanning) Sony Ericsson Z750i (capable of Scanning) PCTel SeeGull LX WCDMA 2100 PCTel SeeGull LX Plus WCDMA 2100 Global Sat BU-353 (NMEA-0183) Garmin 10 Mobile Bluetooth (NMEA-0183)

Thanks