Chapter Objectives

Describe several important trends occurring in computer software. Give examples of several major types of application and system software. Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing. Outline the functions of an operating system.

Describe the main uses of high-level, fourthgeneration, object-oriented, and Weboriented programming languages and tools.

Categories of Computer Software

Computer Software

Application Software

System Software

GeneralPurpose Programs

ApplicationSpecific Programs

System Management Programs

System Development Programs

Categories of Computer Software

Database Management Software Development Tools

Databases Hardware

Operating System Graphics User Interface

Special Applications

Games

Functions of an Operating System

User Interface

Resource Management

Task Management

File Management

Utilities and Other Functions

Resource Management

OS uses variety of resources management programs to manage the hardware resources as well as software resources. CPU Memory Processors I/P and O/P deceives

Task Managements

TM program of an OS help to accomplish the computing tasks of end users. Access to CPU Release of resource High priority task Allocation and deal location of CPU multitasking

File management

OS contains file management programs that controls Creation of file Deletion of file access(permission) r w x To track of physical location on hard disk

Trends in Computer Software

First Second Third Generation Generation Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation

Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration
Natural & Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted Packages

User-Written Programs Machine Languages

Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages

Operating Systems High-Level Languages

DBMS Fourth-Generation Languages Microcomputer Packages

Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools

Categories of Programming Languages

Machine Languages High Level Languages Markup Languages Use binary coded Use brief statements Use embedded instructions control codes 1001 1001 <H1>First heading</H> Compute X = Y + Z <!ELEMENT Product 1100 1101
(#Item | manuf)>

Assembler Languages Fourth Generation Object-Oriented Use symbolic coded Languages Languages Use natural statements Define objects that instructions LOD Y ADD Z
SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS contain data and actions

Document.write (Hi There)

Categories of Programming Languages

10 PRINT HELLO 20 END

Categories of Programming Languages

10 PRINT HELLO 20 GOTO 10 30 END

Programming Language Translation

IF A := B THEN
Compiler Interpreter Assembler Language Translator Program

1001101 1110101 0010110

Source Program
Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc.

Language Translation Process

Machine Language Object Program

Why do I want the source code?

Categories of Programming Languages

Machine Languages High Level Languages Markup Languages Use binary coded Use brief statements Use embedded instructions control codes 1001 1001 <H1>First heading</H> Compute X = Y + Z <!ELEMENT Product 1100 1101
(#Item | manuf)>

Assembler Languages Fourth Generation Object-Oriented Use symbolic coded Languages Languages Use natural statements Define objects that instructions LOD Y ADD Z
SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS contain data and actions

Document.write (Hi There)

Application software types

Custom development programming

Expensive Consultant dependent Hard to get out of

Written within an existing software environment Examples: Spreadsheets, Database applications Little customization dependent on the vendor Turn it on and run it

Within application development

Turn key systems

Categories of Programming Languages

Database Management Software Development Tools

Databases Hardware

Operating System Graphics User Interface

Special Applications

Games?

Categories of software: Layering

The hardware is the center The system software operating system

Controls the hardware and supports the application Supports GUI (graphics user interfaces) Controls communications

Development software tools for creating applications

Programming languages Database management software

Applications software The big area

Common General- Purpose Applications

A move toward generic applications that can be adapted spreadsheet software and database software. Electronic Mail Word Processing Presentation Graphics Multimedia Personal Information Manager Groupware

Web Browsers
Discussion Groups Surf the Net Launch Information Searches

Typical uses of a Web Browser in Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Environments

Multimedia File Transfer

E-Mail

Database Management Packages

Database Development
Primary Tasks of Database Management Packages

Database Interrogation

Database Maintenance

Application Development

Multimedia Technologies
Video Capture Card Authoring Language Compact Disk Interactive

Storyboard

Sound Board

Key Technologies of Multimedia

Compressed Audio
Computer Edit System

MIDI

Interactive Video

Digital Video Interactive

Digital Audio

Business Enterprise Application Software

Accounting and Financial Management Customer Relationship Management Supply Chain Management

Business Decision Support

Enterprise Resource Planning

Human Resource Management

Summary

Software is more capable Software is more graphic oriented - GUI Software takes more computer resources

Disk storage and RAM

Databases are more and more dominant Fewer standard computer languages Software is more object oriented Web based applications are increasing Database systems

Chapter Summary

Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system. Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories.

Chapter Summary (cont)

System software can be subdivided into system management programs and system development programs. The former is used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources. The latter is used by IS specialists to develop computer programs. An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU.

Chapter Summary (cont)

There are 5 major levels of programming languages. Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions.