HEAT EXCHANGER TERMINOLOGY

CHILLER For cooling fluid to temperature

below that obtainable by cooling water. CONDENSER For converting process vapor totally or partially in to liquid. Surface Condensers. Direct contact Condensers. COOLER For cooling process stream.

EVAPORATOR For concentrating solutions. SUPERHEATER For heating vapor above its
saturation temperature.

VAPORIZER For converting liquid into vapor. HEATER Adds heat to process stream without
phase change.

EXCHANGER For transferring heat between

process streams. REBOILER Vaporizer that is used to heat bottoms in a fractionating column. Thermosyphon Reboiler. Forced Circulation Reboiler.

TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENTS

Double Pipe Heat Exchanger.

SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS.

Simple Fixed Tube. U-Tube Exchanger. Fixed Tube with an Expansion Joint. Floating Head Exchanger.

U-Tube Exchanger

Fixed Tube Exchanger

Parts of Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

Air Cooled Heat Exchangers:

Uses fans to circulate air around the tubes through which hot fluid flows. If used as natural draft, they can meet 15-35% of process heat duty.

Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger:

Extended Surface or Finned Exchangers.

Longitudinal Fins. Transverse Fins.

Spiral Coil Heat Exchanger

Miscellaneous type of Heat Exchangers:

Scraped Surface Exchangers. Bayonet Type Exchanger. Falling Film Exchanger. Plate And Frame Heat Exchanger. Impervious Graphite Exchangers.

Scraped Surface Exchangers

Impervious Graphite Exchangers.

Bayonet Type Exchanger

Basic Design Procedure & Considerations

Q = U0 .A .(MTDe) Basic Equation for Heat Exchanger Design.
General Procedure:

1. Get Q and (MTDe) From process conditions and Exchanger data.

2. Assume value of U0 . 3. Calculate assumed value of A and thus get the pressure drop from physical dimensions.

4. From the physical properties of fluid, exchanger layout and Fouling factors get U0
5. Calculate new Area based on this new U0 6. Compare the values of A, repeat the calculations until they are equal.

Important Factors Affecting Design

Operating Temperatures:
Cooling Water Temperatures: Heat Transfer Coefficient Mean Temperature Difference Temperature Approach

Heat Transfer Coefficient

Effective Temperature Difference

Main Driving Force for Heat Transfer. For truly counter-current or co-current flow log mean temperature difference is applicable. In practice, however LMTD is multiplied by Correction factor F, to account for cross flow Cases for LMTD not applicable Condensation of superheated vapor PFR with jacket.

Co-Current Flow

Counter-Current Flow

Phase Change

MTDe Correction Factor Graph

Temperature Approach
Determines the utility requirement. Optimum arrangement of series of exchangers is determined Balance between Capital investment and Operating cost

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