The Psychoanalytical Approach

Warm-up
Are Freudian slips real? Which side do you find to be more convincing? Why?

Sigmund Freud
The psychoanalytical approach is based on the idea that all people have inner struggles between their biological drive and the expectations of society The inner conflict approach was founded by Sigmund Freud

The Unconscious
Freud believed that the majority of our thoughts, feelings, and urges are hidden from us in our unconscious Freud explored the unconscious through interviews (the talking cure), dream analysis, and hypnosis According to Freud, by understanding our unconscious we are better able to understand our wants and behaviors

The Id
The 1st of the 3 basic psychological structures The Id represents basic, biological drives According to Freud, the Id follows the pleasure principle and demands instant gratification Babies are completely Id driven

The Ego
The Ego stands for reason and good sense The Ego works to meet the demands of the Id but in a way that is consistent with social norms
Guided by the reality principle

The Ego acts consciously

The Superego
The Superego is the sense of morality that is developed during early childhood from outside influences The Superego acts as our consciousness and ensures that the Id and the Ego act in a way that is moral

Defense Mechanisms
These are methods used by the Ego to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause anxiety Repression: pushes anxiety causing ideas from the consciousness to the unconsciousness
When too much is repressed it may result in an outburst

Rationalization: is the use of selfdeception to justify unacceptable behaviors

Often prevents a person from facing and taking responsibility for a situation

Defense Mechanisms Contd

Regression: is the act of returning to behaviors characteristic of earlier stages of development when under a great period of stress Projection: is the act of pushing ones anxieties and frustrations outward onto other people Denial: is refusing to accept a reality

Defense Mechanisms Contd

Displacement: is the transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening object to a non-threatening object Reaction Formation: acting contrary to ones true feelings in order to hide them Sublimation: is the channeling of basic impulses into socially acceptable behaviors

Stages of Personality Development

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

The Oral Stage: development is based around the mouth, birthage 1 year old The Anal Stage: child learns that they can control their body and bodily functions, 1-3 years old The Phallic Stage: Children begin to learn the physical differences between the sexes, 3-5 years The Latency Stage: Children begin to hide their impulses and emotions, 5-10 years old The Genital Stage: Pubescent becomes more aware of their own gender identity, 11 years old

Defense Mechanisms Skits

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Regression Displacement Sublimation Reaction formation Rationalization; Repression Projection; Rationalization; Sublimation

Warm-up
Choose a moral dilemma that you may face Write a conversation that may take place in your mind between the Id, the Ego, and the Superego over this moral dilemma

Carl Jung
Developed Analytical Psychology, which places a great emphasis on the role of symbols and religion in influencing behavior Collective Unconscious: is a store of human concepts shared by all people across cultures Archetypes: are the ideas and images of the accumulated human experience

Carl Jung contd

Jung believed that our sense of self is what unifies our personalities
There are 4 functions in our mind that determine our sense of self: thinking, feeling, intuition, and sensation

Individualism is the process of integrating these conscious elements with the unconscious archetypes

Archetypes
In small groups read the childrens story once through Read the story again and this time be looking for archetypes in the story, characters that represent experiences that all humans have Pick out these characters and explain what archetype they represent and how they do so

Alfred Adler
Inferiority Complex: people are driven by the need to overcome their own feelings of inadequacy Believed greatly that selfawareness influenced the personality
A creative self is able to overcome obstacles

Karen Horney
Believed that the greatest influence on personality are social relationships, especially the parent-to-child relationship

Erik Erikson
Agreed with Freud and Horney that social relationships are most important in developing personality Unlike Freud, he gave more power to the Ego to be able to make real and meaningful choices Expanded on the stages of development
(we already covered these during identity formation)

Freuds Influence
On a separate sheet of paper, to turn-in to me, you will be creating a web in which you explain Freuds influence on other psychologists, you should explain what each psychologist believed and how they were influenced by Freud
JUNG

ERIKSON

FREUD

ADLER

HORNEY