CERAMICS AND POTTERY

Meaning specifically potters clay Describes a whole body of wares that are made of clay, mixed with water and hardened by fire Biscuit: malleable form of ceramics

Clay Kaolin Heat Water

TYPE

Main Ingredients

Additional Ingredients

Temperature

Clay, Kaolin, Earthenware Heat, Water Stoneware

China Hard Paste Porcelain Soft Paste Porcelain Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water

(none)

200 2300 F

Sand

2300 F and up
1st: 2760 F 2nd: 2475 F Between 2390 2570 F Below 2300 F

Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water Bone Ash Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water Clay, Kaolin, Heat, Water Decayed Granite Decayed Granite

TYPE
Earthenware

Characteristics/Properties
porous, opaque, matte in finish, maybe painted, varnished, most brittle
vitrified, impermeable to water, matte, can be glazed or unglazed, least brittle, microwave safe translucent, very delicate and fragile, has the capacity to shine, reflective surface Clear white but may absorb color, translucent, extremely hard, translucent, smooth, capacity to shine

Stoneware

China

Porcelain

Graffito Incised Pierced Relief/Embossed Stamped Stenciled Painted Over Glaze: Fired first before painting Under Glaze: Painted first before firing

Primitive Ceramics

Earthenware Utilitarian in function Storage vessels, urns and jars

Grain water

Usually plain but eventually included the zigzag and chevron patterns

Egyptian Ceramics

Earthenware Aside from containers, used for rituals of burials Employed the same art and decoration; hieroglyphics, meander bands and the like

Greek Ceramics

Earthenware Storage of grain and water Golden age of ceramics and pottery Produced the widest variety of types and subtypes

Black Figure Ware

Figures are painted black on a red background

Figures are painted red on a black background Figures are painted either red or black on a white background

Red Figure Ware

White Ground Ware

Red Figure Ware

White Ground Ware Black Details

White Ground Ware Red Details

Black Figure Ware

Drinking cups Bowls for mixing wine and water Wine jugs Water jugs Oil flasks Storage jars Wine or water container

Italian Ceramics

Utilitarian in nature Strong colors Hand-painted CAPO DI MONTE

Capo di Monte

Capo di Monte

Dutch Ceramics

Blue colored patterns and landscapes on a white background Jars Pots Flat tiles DELFT

Delft

Delft

Delft

French Ceramics

Spearheaded by Bernard Palissy Ornamental tiles ROUEN Pierre Chicanou developed soft paste porcelain in St. Cloud ST. CLOUD China ware using floral forms CAMPAGNIE DES INDES By the Rococo period, Madame Pompadour encouraged the whole porcelain industry and produced soft paste porcelain SEVRES Hard paste porcelain LIMOGE Most decorated porcelains VIEUX PARIS

Rouen

St. Cloud

Sevres

Limoge

Vieux Paris

German Ceramics

Stoneware 18th C : MEISSEN factory was started by Ehrefreid Walther Von Tschirnhausen and Johann Friedrich Botger Cross swords mark

Meissen

Meissen

Meissen

Spanish Ceramics

Also called Hispano Mauresque Arabesques, stylized animal forms Sheen and iridescence

Luster Earthenware

Tin glazed and enameled Floor and wall tiles glazed Flowers Abstract motifs Fusion of Renaissance and Moorish motifs

Majolica

Majolica

Majolica

Majolica

Wall tiles Generally bluish hue

Azulejos

Azulejos

Azulejos

English Ceramics

Earthenware Coated with a slip (deep orange colored mixture of clay and water) then another yellowish white slip, then a colored glaze Patterns are usually scratched on the surface to expose underlying color

Slip Ware

Slip Ware

Milk white with a cool glittering glaze Extremely hard and durable

Bristol Ware

New Canton White figurines and statuettes Animals

Bow Ware

Soft Paste Porcelain 1st in England Creamy white and satin in texture

Chelsea Ware

Specialized in figurines and vase shapes Classical revival

Derby Ware

Founded by Robert Browne Soft paste porcelain A Trifle from Lowestoft

Lowestoft

Employed the transfer printing process by Robert Hancock A method of transferring a design to paper from an engraved copper plate coated with pigment and from the paper to the pottery which is then fired and overglazed John Saddler, 1754

Worcester

Worcester

Worcester

Earthenware Quality, variety and color of clay Provincial in character, shape, ornamentation and coloring

Wares with a cream body and then dabbed on color with a sponge

Staffordshire Clouded Ware

Staffordshire Clouded Ware

Staffordshire Clouded Ware

Staffordshire Cream Ware

Also called Marble Ware

Founded by Josiah Wedgwood

Jasperware: dull white biscuit capable of being colored and ornamented, usually using Greek motifs Queens Ware: made especially for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III Basalt Ware: black biscuit imitating the Egyptian stone of the same name Agate Ware: mottled or marble finish finished with gilded bronze ornaments

Jasperware

Queens Ware

Basalt Ware

Agate Ware

American Ceramics

Centered on three sites:

Pennsylvania: Graffito Ware Bennington, Vermont: Terracotta and Stoneware John Norton Jersey City, New Jersey: Porcelain

Graffito Ware

Chinese Ceramics

Utilitarian pottery

Plates and dinnerware Funerary urns Cooking vessels Libation jars

Chou Dynasty

Naturalistic elements Usually green and/or brown in color

Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Utilized 3 - 5 colors Blending of Taoist and Buddhist philosophies

Tang Dynasty

Golden Age of Chinese culture Used crackling as part of the design

Tzu Chou: underglazed black decoration on white Celadon

Sung Dynasty Tzu Chou

Sung Dynasty Celadon

More naturalistic forms Underglazed blue and white wares Heavy bodies Non-translucent

Blanc De Chine:
Originated in Fukien, Soft, creamy white glazes on porcelain Delicate in scale and modeling Dragons, animals and figures

Ming Blue and White:

Ming Dynasty Blanc De Chine

Ming Dynasty Blue and White

Ming Dynasty Blue and White

Thank You Very Much