Business and Technology Status 2007

• Global economy is more dependent on IT than ever before

• Information management is THE major mission of the
enterprise
• Organizations are being pushed to ADAPT quickly to change
• Economic, Technologic, Regulatory
• “At least two-thirds of all IT spending is just to sustain the business,
not to change or transform the business.”
- Gartner Group
 Growing Data Volumes
100
Size of the largest
80 data warehouse in
Database Winter Corp Survey
Size 60 245% increase
from 2003
(TB) to 2005!
40

20

0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Source: 2005 TopTen Program, November 2005 © Winter Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA
 36%

59%
5%

Mar.07
Ara.06
Eyl.06
Haz.06
Mar.06
Oracle8 and Earlier

Ara.05
Eyl.05
Haz.05
Mar.05
Ara.04
Oracle8i

Eyl.04
Haz.04
Mar.04
Uptake (TAR Analysis)
Oracle9i

Ara.03
Eyl.03
Oracle Database 10g

Haz.03
Mar.03
Ara.02

Source: TAR Analysis (April 2007)

Eyl.02
Haz.02
Mar.02
Ara.01
Eyl.01
Haz.01
Mar.01

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
100%
 Infrastructure Complexity
• Understanding the Costs Complexity Cost Curve
• Number of things costs = N 90

80
• Number of connected things = (2N)
70
• Number of KINDS of things = N^N 60
• Complexity Slows Change 50

• More failure points 40

30
• Uneven levels of process Maturity
20
• Functionality+Virtualization=Agility 10

• Functionality enables agility 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• Virtualization masks functional complexity # of Things # of Kinds
# of Connections

Oracle Grid is Enabling Enterprise Agility by Attacking

Complexity
The 11g Big Message
• 11g Lowers overall costs while increasing business
and IT agility!
• Simplifies your information infrastructure!
• Enables change to happen while maintaining stability!
• Takes management and diagnostic automation to the next
level!
• Freeing key personal for higher value tasks!
• Provides the least expensive, most scalable, secure and
highly available rapid application development environment!

Traditional Performance Dimensions of Scalability and

Availability Are Now Table Stakes. Agility is the X-Factor
Defining Value Innovation
• Lowers the cost while increasing Agility
• Simpler (automates/obfuscates complex tasks)
• Cheaper (lower TCO via improved sustainability)
• More Convenient to Use
• Most likely already own it
• Solid skills base foundation
• Single vendor to manage
• Simplifies infrastructure landscape
• Fundamentally changes how a task or process has been done in
the past

Value innovation fundamentally changes how one

evaluates a product category
 Oracle Database Innovation
Audit Vault
30 years of Database Vault
sustained Grid Computing
Self Managing Database
innovation … XML Database
Oracle Data Guard
Real Application Clusters
Flashback Query
Virtual Private Database
Built in Java VM
Partitioning Support
Built in Messaging
Object Relational Support
Multimedia Support
Data Warehousing Optimizations
Parallel Operations
Distributed SQL & Transaction Support
… continuing with
Cluster and MPP Support
Multi-version Read Consistency
Oracle Database 11g
Client/Server Support
Platform Portability
Commercial SQL Implementation

1977 2007
 Bucking Conventional Wisdom
By The Book Oracle
Platform dependent Portable C code base
Read & write locks Multi-version concurrency
Combined undo/redo log Undo stored in the database

Static SQL compilation Just-in-time SQL compilation

Shared nothing clusters Shared disk/shared cache

clusters
Parallelism tied to partitions Parallelism orthogonal to
partitions
Store some of your data Store all your data
 Where We’ve Been, Where We’re Going
Database 1.0 Database 2.0
Users In-house Everyone
Applications Vertical Silos Horizontal Services
Data Chars, Numbers, Dates All Your Data
Hardware SMP/Mainframe Network/Virtualized
Storage Expensive, Siloed Inexpensive, Shared
Scalability High Cost Scale Up Low Cost Scale Out
Workload Specialized-Separate Converging Workloads, Fast
Consolidation DW-OLTP Slow TTV TTV
HA Difficult, Expensive Easy, Low Cost
Management Monitor and Manage Alert and Automate
Pricing CPU or User Socket or Site
Top 11g new features
 Physical Standby with Real-Time Query
Real-time
Queries
Concurrent
Real-Time
Query
Continuous Redo
Shipment and Apply
Primary Physical Standby
Database Database

• Read-only queries on physical standby concurrent with redo apply

• Supports RAC on primary / standby
• Queries see transactionally consistent results
• Immediate appeal to the many users of physical standby
• DR with real time query is unique in the industry – no idle resources
• Handles all data types, but not as flexible as logical standby
Set up Test Environments using
Snapshot Standbys
• Convert Physical Standby to Snapshot
Standby and open for writes by testing
Physical Standby applications
Apply Logs • ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO
SNAPSHOT STANDBY;
Open
• Discard testing writes and catch-up to
Back out
Database primary by applying logs
Changes
• ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO
PHYSICAL STANDBY;
• Preserves zero data loss
Snapshot Standby • But no real time query or fast
Perform Testing failover
• Similar to storage snapshots, but:
• Provides DR at the same time
Continuous Redo Shipping
• Single copy of storage
 Database Replay
• Capture Workload in Production
• Capture production workload with actual load & concurrency
• Move the captured workload to test system
• Replay Workload in Test
• Make the desired changes in test system
• Replay workload with production load & concurrency
• Analyze & Report
• Errors
• Data divergence
• Performance divergence
• Use ADDM, AWR for further performance analysis
 Pre-Change Production System
Client Client Client

…
Changes
Unsupporte
d App Server
App Server
App Server

Changes
Supported
•Database Upgrades, Patches Captured
… Workload
•Schema, Parameters Process Process Process

•RAC nodes, Interconnect

•OS Platforms, OS Upgrades
…
Capture Workload
•CPU, Memory
•Storage
Backup
•Etc.
Pre-Change Production System Post-Change Test System
Client Client Client

Replay Replay
App Server
…
App Server
App Server Driver Driver

… … …
Processed
Captured
Workload
Process Process … Process Process Process … Process

…
Capture Workload

Backup
Can use Snapshot Standby as
test system
 SQL Performance Analyzer
• Focus on impact of change on SQL query workload
• Capture SQL in Production
• Automatically capture SQL workload over a specified period
• Capture SQL text, plans, bind variables, execution statistics
• Can capture 10.2 SQL workload
• Move captured SQL workload to test system
• Replay SQL in Test
• Replay SQL in pre and post-change configurations
• Compare and analyze performance
• For regressed SQL, use SQL Tuning Advisor (10g) to improve
performance with SQL Profiles
• Changes supported
• Major & minor database releases, patches, parameters, schema,
optimizer statistics, tuning recommendations
SQL Performance Analyzer
SQL Plan Management
controlled plan evolution
Business Requirement
• Data is changing over time
• Statistics and execution plans become suboptimal
• Statistics have to be updated
• Possibly unpredictable changes of execution plans
• Today you have ‘freeze’ critical plans or statistics
Solution
• Optimizer automatically manages SQL Plan Baselines
• Only known and verified plans are used
• Plan changes are automatically verified in maintenance window
• Only comparable or better plans are used going forward
• Can pre-seed critical SQL with baselines from SQL Replay
 Flashback Data Archive
Select * from orders
AS OF • Automatically stores all
‘Midnight 31-Dec-
2004’ changes to selected tables
• Archive cannot be modified
• View table as of any time
ORDERS
Archive • Uses:
Tables
Changes • Change Tracking
• ILM
User Flashback • Long term history - years
Tablespaces Data Archive
• Auditing
Oracle Database • Compliance
EM Support Workbench Overview

• Wizard that guides you through the process of handling problems

• You can perform the following tasks with the Support
Workbench:
• View details on problems and incidents
• Run health checks
• Generate additional diagnostic data
• Run advisors to help resolve problems
• Create and track service requests through MetaLink
• Generate incident packages
• Close problems once resolved
Support Workbench
Incident Packaging Service
 Manageability Evolution

Adaptive
Auto-Tuning

Integrated
Advisory
t
Low Impac
Instrumentation

Replication
Recovery
RAC
Apps/SQL
Memory
Backup
Storage

Schema
Manageability in 11g?

• More database administration automation

• More intelligent advisors to simplify administration

• Fault diagnostic automation

• Enhancements to existing features

Manageability Comparison of
Oracle Database 9i, 10g, and
11g
100%

75%
9i
50% 10g
11g
25%

0%
T ime Steps

Summary
Oracle 9i vs. 10g Oracle 10g vs. 11g
 44% less time  26% less time
 47% fewer steps  31% fewer steps
DB Management Pack Enhancements

• Diagnostic Pack
• ADDM for RAC
• AWR Baselines
• Transportable AWR

• Tuning Pack
• Automatic SQL Tuning Advisor
• Partition Advisor
• SQL Monitoring
• SPM Automatic Plan Evolution
Data Compression
for All Applications
• Oracle 9i compresses data only during bulk
load; useful for DW and ILM
• Oracle 11g compresses w/ inserts, updates
• Typical compression ratio of 2x to 3x
• Database directly reads compressed data
eliminating decompression overhead
• Strategy: compress db’s 10 largest tables
• Shrink table data by 50%, increase CPU by 5%
• Savings cascade to all db copies: test, dev,
standby, mirrors, archiving, backup, etc.
 Table Compression
• Introduced in Oracle9i Release 2
• Supports compression during bulk load operations (Direct Load, CTAS)
• Data modified using conventional DML not compressed
• Optimized compression algorithm for relational data
• Improved performance for queries accessing large amounts of data
• Fewer IOs
• Buffer Cache efficiency
• Data is compressed at the database block level
• Each block contains own compression metadata – improves IO efficiency
• Local symbol table dynamically adapts to data changes
• Compression can be specified at either the table or partition levels
• Completely transparent to applications
• Noticeable impact on write performance
 OLTP Table Compression
• Oracle Database 11g extends compression for OLTP
data
• Support for conventional DML Operations
(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
• New algorithm significantly reduces write overhead
• Batched compression ensures no impact for most OLTP
transactions
• No impact on reads
• Reads may actually see improved performance due to fewer
IOs and enhanced memory efficiency
OLTP Table Compression

Overhead
Inserts are
again Free Space
uncompressed
Uncompressed

Compressed
Block usage reaches
PCTFREE – triggers
Compression
Inserts are
uncompressed Block usage reaches
PCTFREE – triggers
Compression

• Adaptable, continuous compression

• Compression automatically triggered when block usage
reaches PCTFREE
• Compression eliminates holes created due to deletions
and maximizes contiguous free space in block
 Using OLTP Table Compression
• Requires database compatibility level at 11.1 or greater
• New Syntax extends the ‘COMPRESS’ keyword
• COMPRESS [FOR {ALL | DIRECT_LOAD} OPERATIONS]
• DIRECT_LOAD (DEFAULT)
• Refers to Bulk load operations from 10g and prior releases
• ALL
• OLTP + Direct loads
• Enable compression for a new table
CREATE TABLE t1 COMPRESS FOR ALL OPERATIONS

• Enable only direct load compression on existing table

ALTER TABLE t2 COMPRESS
• only new rows are compressed, existing rows are uncompressed
 SecureFiles - Deduplication

Secure
hash

• Enables storage of a single physical image for duplicate data

• Significantly reduces space consumption
• Dramatically improves write and copy operations
• No adverse impact on read operations
• may actually improve read performance for cache data
• Duplicate detection happens within a table, partition or sub-partition
• Specially useful for content management, email applications and
data archival applications
 SecureFiles - Compression
• Huge storage savings
• Industry standard compression algorithms
• 2-3x compression for typical files (doc, pdf, xml)
• Minimal CPU overhead during compression
• Automatically detects if SecureFile data is compressible
• Skips compression for already compressed data
• Auto-turn off compression when space savings are minimal or zero
• Two levels of compression provide different compression ratios
• Compression Levels: MEDIUM (default), HIGH
• Higher the degree of compression, higher the latency and CPU overhead
incurred
• SecureFiles Compression is independent of table or index
compression
• Server-side compression
• Allows for random reads and writes to SecureFile data
• Can be specified at a partition level
 Data Pump Compression
• Metadata compression available since Oracle Database 10g
• Oracle Database 11g extends compression to table data during
exports
• no need to decompress before import
• Single step compression of both data and metadata
• compressed data directly hits disk resulting in reduced disk space
requirements
• 75% reduction in dump file size on export of sample OE and SH
schemas
• Compression factor comparable to GNU gzip utility
• Application transparent
• complete Data Pump functionality available on compressed files
 Backup data and Network transport
Compression
• Fast RMAN Compression
• compresses the backup set contents before writing them to disk or
tape
• no extra decompression steps are required during recovery when
you use RMAN compression.
• high performance, industry standard compression algorithm
• 40% faster backup compression versus Oracle Database 10g
• suitable for fast, incremental daily backups
• reduces network usage
• Data Guard Network Compression
• compression of redo traffic over the network
• improves redo transport performance
• gap resolution is up to 2x faster
Oracle SecureFiles
High-Performance Large Objects

• High-performance transactional
access to large object data
• documents, medical, CAD, imaging …
• low-latency, high throughput, concurrent access
• space-optimized storage
• Protect your valuable data .. in the db!
• transactions
• transparent encryption
• compression and de-duplication
• database-quality security, reliability, and scalability
• Better security, single view and management of data
• Superset of LOB interfaces – easy migration
 SecureFiles Breaks the
Performance Barrier!

File Read Performance • Innovative technology for high

(MB/second)
performance large object data
120 SecureFiles • Smart buffering, write gathering,
100 intelligent locking
Linux Files
80 • Fast bulk data transfers, LOB
60 prefetch
40 LOBs • Much faster than LOBs with
20 more capabilities
0 • File system-like performance
0 ,1 1 10 100 with database functionality!
File Size (MB)
 Oracle Partitioning
10 years of innovation
Core functionality
Oracle8 Range partitions, global range index
Oracle8i Hash and composite range-hash partitioning
Oracle9i List partitioning
Oracle9i R2 Composite range-list partitioning
Oracle 10g Global hash indexes
Oracle 10g R2 1M partitions per table
 Oracle Partitioning
10 years of innovation
Core functionality
Oracle8 Range partitions, global range index
Oracle8i Hash and composite range-hash partitioning
Oracle9i List partitioning
Oracle9i R2 Composite range-list partitioning
Oracle 10g Global hash indexes
Oracle 10g R2 1M partitions per table
Partitioning by reference
Virtual column partitioning
New composite partitioning:
range-range, list-range,
list-list, list-hash
New Partitioning
Features
• New composite partitioning schemes

Range List Hash

Range 11g 9i 8i
List 11g 11g 11g

• Partition (or index) on virtual (computed) columns

• Partition advisor
• Automatic range partition creation
• Partition by REFERENCE (primary key of parent)