By Pooja Mansukhani

Thyroid Gland: -regulates metabolic processes -regulates heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature Rate at which food is converted into energy

Parathyroid Gland: -controls calcium within blood In doing so, also controls amount of calcium in bones.

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Below Adams apple Wrapped around trachea Shaped like a butterfly, (two sides attached by a middle part)

Light-coloured nodules extending from the surface of the thyroid gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

 Pituitary

gland regulates TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) to stimulate production by the thyroid gland. T3 and T4 (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) are the two most important thyroid hormones. T3- is the most powerful thyroid hormone. Controls almost everything; from body temperature to heart rate. T4-regulates growth and controls metabolism.

 Begins

in the hypothalamus, which releases TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

to pituitary gland, also in the brain.

Travels

Pituitary

gland releases TSH which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4.

 The

pituitary gland can sense how much hormone there is in the blood!

It can slow or fasten the production of TRH and TSH.

 Enlargement

of the thyroid - can occur from hyper/hypothyroidism (overactive/underactive) or with cancerous nodules. Caused by iodine deficiency

Hypothyroidism is difficult to diagnose because many of the symptoms are similar to those normal in pregnancy. Can cause fetal and maternal complications. Preventative through medicinal treatment. Hyperthyroidism is rare, but does not cause complications and is also treated by medicines. A slightly enlarged thyroid gland is normal during pregnancy; it does not mean there is a risk of Goiter. Sometimes, after giving birth, a woman will go through a few months of hyper/hypothyroidism.

 Loss

of thyroid tissue (radioactive destruction or surgical removal) Antithyroid antibodies: cause decreased production of thyroid hormones. Genetics Certain drugs will cause under/over-activity.

Infants

Constipation

(hyper) Poor appetite (hyper) Poor growth (hyper) Jaundice (hyper) Tiredness (hyper) Fatigue (hypo) Poor school performance (hypo)

Adults

Carpal

tunnel syndrome (wrist pain, numb hands) Weight gain Hair loss Deep voice Puffy eyes Depression Irregular or lack of menstrual periods

 Ultrasound
CT

Scan Fine-needle aspiration Nuclear thyroid scan If problems are found, surgery can be done.

causes the release of calcium from bones causes calcium to be absorbed (taken up into the blood) from the intestine stops the kidneys from excreting (getting rid of) calcium in the urine increases blood levels of magnesium

 When

calcium levels are low, the parathyroid hormone automatically secretes the substance. When calcium levels are low, the thyroid gland will secrete Calcitonin to slow the activity of osteoclasts in the bones. (This slows the releases of calcium into the bloodstream.)

The parathyroid gland also functions in your kidneys!

It controls the amount of and magnesium filtered from the blood into the urine. It also stimulates the kidneys to make calcitriol (vitamin D).

List two functions of the Thyroid Gland and of the Parathyroid Gland.

The thyroid gland is stimulated by: A. TSH B. TDH C. TMH D. TSA

Sorry, thats wrong.

"Thyroid Problems." Medicine Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. <www.emedicinehealth.com/thyroid_problems/page2_em.htm#T hyroid Problems Causes>. "Thyroid Gland Diseases: Hormones, Cancer, Doctors, Drugs, Surgery."Endocrine Diseases: thyroid, parathyroid adrenal and diabetes - EndocrineWeb. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/yourthyroid-gland>.
"Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands."arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathp "The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands | Health | Patient UK." Health Information and Advice | Medicines Guide | Patient.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Thyroid-and-ParathyroidGlands.html>.