SEMINAR

What is Nursing?

Nursing has been called the oldest of arts and the youngest of professions .

Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life from conception to death.

HISTORYHistory can be defined as a study of events from the past leading up to the present time. However, the study of history focuses on not just the chronology of events, but also the impact and influence those events continued to have throughout time. The study of the history of nursing helps us to better understand the societal forces and issues that continue to confront the profession.

During early time Nursing care was provided by men and women serving punishment. It was often associated with prostitutes and other female criminals serving time. It was not until Florence Nightingale, a well-educated woman from a wealthy class family, became a nurse and improved it drastically that people began to accept nursing as a respectable profession Because no formal education in the care of the sick was available, the earliest nurses learned their art from observations of others caring for the sick, and many times, through a process of trial and error. Available evidence indicates that nurses first formed themselves into organized groups during the early Christian era.

In 16th century

Before 16th century (500AD)-Nursing care mostly included hygiene and comfort needs of persons.After that Phoebe is nursing histories most noted deaconess. 1568 - In Spain. The founding of the Obregones Nurses by Bernardino de Obregn occurs.Nurses Obregones expand a new method of nursing cares(caring of poorer by catholic and not charging any money for this). They printed a manual in 1617 -"Instruction for nurses", the first known handbook written by a nurse.

17th century

1633 The founding of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, by Sts. Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac.

Vincent de Paul ... Deeply moved by the poverty and suffering all around him in Paris in the 1600s, and reached out to assist those in need through simple acts of kindness which would develop into the charism of the Daughters of Charity.

Louise de Marillac and the First Daughters (the people of Paris used this term for the sisters), they feel themselves as-Servants of the Sick Poor.

1660 Over 40 houses of the Sisters of Charity exist in France and several in other countries; the sick poor are helped in their own dwellings in 26 parishes in Paris.

18th century

1755 Rabia Choraya, head nurse or matron in the Moroccan Army. She traveled with Braddocks army during the French & Indian War. She was the highest-paid and most respected woman in the army. 1783 James Derham, a slave from New Orleans, buys his freedom with money earned working as a nurse.

19th century

1820

Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820, and named after the Italian city of her birth.

1836 - Nursing Society of Philadelphia

1844 - Florence Nightingale travels to Kaiserworth, Germany to start to learn nursing from the Institution of Deaconesses. She stayed for three months.

1850 Florence Nightingale, a pioneer of modern nursing, begins her training as a nurse at the Institute of St. Vincent de Paul at Alexandria, Egypt

1853 Florence Nightingale visits the Daughters of Charity in their Motherhouse in Paris to learn their methods. Later Crimean war starts. 1854 Florence Nightingale and 38 volunteer nurses are sent to Turkey on October 21 to assist with caring for the injured of the Crimean War. 1854 Nightingale appointed as the Superintendent of Nursing Staff.

During the Crimean war, Florence Nightingale gained the nickname "The Lady with the Lamp",

1855- Nightingale Fund established. 1860 Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not is published.

1861 Sally Louisa Tompkins opens a hospital for Confederate soldiers in July. She is later made an officer in the army, the only woman to receive that honor.

1873 Linda Richards is graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and officially becomes America's First Trained Nurse.

1873 The nation's first nursing school, based on Florence Nightingale's principles of nursing, opens at Bellevue Hospital, New York City 1876 The Japanese term ("Kangofu" or nurse) is used for the first time. 1879 Mary Eliza Mahoney is graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and becomes the first black professional nurse in the U.S.

1884 Mary Agnes Snively, the first Ontario nurse trained according to the principles of Florence Nightingale, assumes the position of Lady Superintendent of the Toronto General Hospitals School of Nursing.

1886 The Nightingale, the first American nursing journal, is published.

1893 Lillian Wald, the founder of visiting nursing , begins teaching a home class on nursing for women whose children were maltreated. 1897 The American Nurses Association holds its first meeting in February, as the "Associated Alumnae of Trained Nurses of the United States and Canada".

1899 The International Council of Nurses is formed. Worlds first and widest reaching international organisation for health professionals. Operated by nurses and leading nurses internationally, ICN works to ensure quality nursing care for all and the advancement of nursing knowledge.

20th century

1900s 1901 New Zealand is the first country to regulate nurses nationally, with adoption of the Nurses Registration Act on September 12.

On 10 January 1902 Ellen Dougherty became the first registered nurse in New Zealand, and in the world.

1908- The United States Navy Nurse Corps is established. Twenty women were selected as the first members and assigned to the Naval Medical School Hospital in Washington, D.C. Unfortunately, the navy did not provide room or board for them, and so the nurses - being a determined lot rented their own house and provided their own meals. In time, the nurses would come to be known as "The Sacred Twenty" because they were the first women to serve formally as members of the Navy.

1908 Representatives of 16 organized nursing bodies meet in Ottawa to form the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses, which will become the Canadian Nurses Association in 1911. Mary Agnes Snively was named founding president.

1909 The American Red Cross Nursing Service is formed. With following the footsteps of Jane Delano. More than 370,000 professional Red Cross nurses have enrolled.Nurses volunteered for service war and disaster and peacetime

1910 Florence Nightingale dies. On 13 August 1910, at the age of 90, she died peacefully in her sleep in her room at Park Lane.She left a large body of work, including several hundred notes which were previously unpublished.

1919 The UK passes the Nursing Act of 1919, which provides for registration of nurses, but it will not become effective until 1923. The first name entered in the register as was Ethel Gordon Fenwick.

1929 The Japanese Nursing Association is established.

1949 Mary Elizabeth Carnegie is the first black person elected to the board of the Florida Nurses Association with the right to speak and vote.

1951 Males join the United Kingdom same register of nurses as females for the first time.

1965 A Japanese court rules on the regulation regarding night shifts of nurses, limiting them to 8 days a month and banning single-person night shifts altogether. 1966 The Filipino Nurses Association was renamed as The Philippine Nurses Association.

1990 Florence Nightingale's birthday (May 12) is declared the official Nursing Day in Japan

In every plague most of Europe men risked their lives to provide nursing care. A group of men, Parabolani, in 300 AD started a hospital and provided nursing care during the Black Plague epidemic.

John Ciudad (1495 -1550) follows order of the brothers of St. John of God. He opened a hospital in Grenada and asked a group of friends to assist in providing care to the mentally ill, homeless and abandoned children. Men of this order also visited the sick in their homes.

James Derhamwas- an African American man who worked as a nurse in New Orleans in 1783. He was able to save enough money to buy his freedom from slavery.

In 1808, Lazaro Orranti and Martin Ortega were two men employed as the nurses at a hospital in San Antonio. The hospital employed only men as nurses

Walt Whitman (1819-1892), poet and writer, served as a volunteer hospital nurse in Washington, DC during the Civil War. He recorded his experiences in a collection of poems called "Drumtaps" .