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Introduction to the field of statistics How statistics applies to real-world problems Establish the link between statistics and data Differentiate between population and sample data Differentiate between descriptive and inferential statistics
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking 2
Statistics is the science of data. This involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing and interpreting numerical information.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
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McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
Descriptive statistics utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set and to present that information in a convenient form.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
Inferential statistics utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions or other generalizations about a larger set of data.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
Typically, there are too many experimental units in a population to consider every one.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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A measure of reliability is a statement about the degree of uncertainty associated with a statistical inference.
Based on our analysis, we think 56% of soda drinkers prefer Pepsi to Coke, 5%.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
Quantitative Data are measurements that are recorded on a naturally occurring numerical scale.
Qualitative Data are measurements that cannot be recorded on a natural numerical scale, but are recorded in categories.
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McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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Published Source
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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Designed Experiment
Strict control over the experiment and the units in the experiment
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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Survey
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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Observational Study
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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A representative sample exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the target population. A random sample of n units is selected in such a way that every different sample of size n has the same chance of being selected.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking 20
Statistical thinking involves applying rational thought and the science of statistics to critically assess data and inferences.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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Selection bias results when a subset of the experimental units in the population have been excluded so that these units have no chance of being selected in the sample.
LANDON IN A LANDSLIDE In 1936 The Literary Digest predicts Governor Alf Landon of Kansas would defeat President Roosevelt with 57% of the popular vote and 370 electoral votes, the result of polling primarily affluent voters.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking 22
Nonresponse bias results when the researchers conducting a survey or study are unable to obtain data on all experimental units selected for the sample.
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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Measurement error refers to inaccuracies in the values of the data recorded. In surveys, this kind of error may be due to ambiguous or leading questions and the interviewers effect on the respondent.
Do you prefer Candidate X, father of three and church elder, or Candidate Y, who got the nomination despite his shady past?
McClave, Statistics, 11th ed. Chapter 1: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking
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