Under the supervision of: Dr. Richa K. Tyagi Asst.

Professor BBAU, Lucknow

Presented by: Lhaihoichong Singson Msc 4th semester Roll No- 1169 BBAU, Lucknow

Think Globally and Act Locally..

Objectives
Identification of wastes sources from the selected site Preparation of questionnaire and data collection

according to the waste sources. Assessing the appropriateness of implementing an alternative clean energy sources as per the data collected.

Lucknow zoos profile

Popularly known as : Prince of Wales Zoological Gardens Location

: At the heart of the city Born on : 1921 Area : 71.6 hactares Status (CZA) : Large zoo Possessions : 468 mammals, 100 birds, 378 reptiles Speciality : Swamp Deer, Black Buck, Hog Deer Barking Deer, White Tiger , Himalayan black bear, Indian wolf, great pied hornbill etc. Uniqueness : First zoo in India to implement Solar energy within the whole zoo premises. Other attractions : Aquarium, Nocturnal house, Museum, Nature Interpretation Center, Toy train & Vintage train.

Questionnaire Report
Data has been collected in the form of questionnaires which is categorized as

Animal wastes ii. Biomass wastes, and iii. Anthropogenic wastes To know more about the technical management of solid waste generated in the zoo. To estimate how much wastes is produced at the end of the day, how it is managed and utilized for the development of the zoo. From the data collected through questionnaires, assessment is done by providing suggestive measures in terms of alternative energy sources for waste management to create a cleaner & healthy environment without causing pollution.
i.

Animal wastes
1. What is the total strength of the animals in the zoo? 2. From which category/ family do they belong? 3. What is the total number of each family? Mammals/Reptiles/Birds 4. How much waste is generated by Large animals/Small animals per day? 5. How much amount of waste is generated by one animal in a day? 6. Where are the wastes dumped?

Biomass wastes
1. Name the different plant species found in the zoo premises. 2. What is the approximate number of trees planted? 3.Which plant category is given preference? Herbs/Shrubs/Trees 4.Is the trees planted in the zoo, sufficient or less? 5. Do they have any value added products? If yes, which type? 6. What is the total area of zoo?

Anthropogenic waste
1. What is the estimated number of visitors per day?

2. What steps are taken for degradable type of waste and how much quantity of waste is generated per day? 3. How much amount of waste is generated , Paper/Polythene/Plastic bottles?

4. Which category of visitors are more in number, Adult/Children? 5. In which season canteens waste is generated more?

6. In which season is the visitors rate high, Summer/winter?

7. How are these waste utilized?

7. How much biomass waste is generated?

8. How is the generated biomass waste utilized for the zoo management?

7. What are the different types of waste is generated fro canteen?

8. Which type of waste is generated mostly by the visitors? Is it degradable/ Non-degradable?

8. What are the conventional methods used by the Lucknow Zoo Authority for the animal waste management? 9. What are the different types of benefits obtained from the waste generated? 10.Are they useful for the zoo management?

9. What are the benefits obtained from these plants species? 10. What are the steps taken to manage the biomass waste?

9. What are the steps taken for non-degradable type wa and how much quantity of waste is generated? 10. What steps are taken by the concern Authority to remediate the canteen waste?

Potential alternative approaches for utilization of waste materials

Animal & biomass wastes are both organic in nature and can be manage using various methods such as-

i). Biological conversion Anaerobic digestion Bio-hydrogen Plant production ii). Thermo-chemical Conversion (TCC) Pyrolysis & Bio-char production

Contd
Direct liquefaction Dry gasification Anthropogenic wastes can be either degradable or non-degradable. Degradable wastes can be treated alongwith the organic wastes while for nondegradable wastes, the various methods can be applied as given below Incineration Gasification Pyrolysis Recycling Sanitary landfilling

Conversion platforms for animal &biomass waste-to-energy

Biological platforms

Animal & Biomass waste

Fuels: Heat & Power; Chemical Intermediates

Thermo-chemical conversion

Vermicasting bin

Organic waste

Heat & Electricity

Homogenization tank
Anaerobic digester Solid-liquid separation

Engine/Generator/Boiler Biogas CH4, CO2, minor gases solids Composter Composting

Liquid

Irrigation

Flow diagram of anaerobic digestion process & end points of products

Organic waste Pretreatment/Homogenization

Gasification

Direct Liquefaction

Pyrolysis

Combustion

CH4,CO2,minor gases

Bio-oil

Char/Charcoal

Turbine/engine/boiler

Bioenergy feedstock

Fuel oil

Soil Amendment

Heat & Electricity

Main thermo chemical processes, their intermediate products & end use

Modern Landfill

Name of animals

No. of animals

Wastes generated per day

1. Himalayan black bear 2. Sloth bear 3. Giraffe 4. Rhinoceros 5. Swamp deer 6. Barking deer 7. Hog deer 8. Samber deer 9. Spotted deer 10. Rabbit Zebra Tiger Lion Hyaena Wolf Indian Jackal Monkey Leopard Total

3 3 2 1 57 23 30 15 198 10 3 5 2 9 5 2 20 11 399

1 lbsx3 (1kg= 2.2lbs) 1 lbsx3 5 lbsx2 1000 lbsx1 3.5kg 3.5kg 3.5kg 3.5kg 3.5kg 2.8kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg 1. Twigs

Sources

Composition Approx. 2kg/day Approx. 3.5-4.0kg/day Approx.6.5-7.0kg/day

2. Dry leaves Total

Table 1: Composition of fresh animal wastes in the zoo Table 2: Approximate product & composition of biomass wastes in the zoo

Evaluation
Total amount of waste generated per day = Dry biomass weight = () x 20/100

= 1kg of dry biomass generates 65 liter of biogas Hence, ()kg of dry biomass generates = 65 x () liter

Conclusion
Wastes management is considered highly important sustainability issues for zoos as it is one of the main sources of wastes. It can be managed using the 3 Rs principle (reduce, re-use & recycle). From the three sources of wastes found in the zoo premises, animal & biomass wastes are more focused for waste management as most of the waste are derived from these two sources. They are also completely organic in nature. Besides numerous benefits derived from proper waste management such as organic fertilizers, feeds for animals, etc. Clean energy can also be obtained to substitute fossil fuel

Future Recommendations

The 3 Rs principle should be strictly implemented. Research should be done to control nutrient loses from animal wastes, to design & develop eco-friendly equipments, to combat intolerable & unhealthy odor. Awareness regarding potentialities of wastes should be made known to the students through lab work so that work on waste management can be effectively carried out.

THANK YOU.