Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
BACTERIA
Function/Composition of peptidoglycan?
BACTERIA
Function/Composition of peptidoglycan?
Gives rigid support Protects against osmotic pressure Sugar backbone, cross-linked peptide side chains
BACTERIA
Function/Composition of cell wall/cell membrane?
BACTERIA
Function/Composition of cell wall/cell membrane? Gram positive: major surface antigen Teichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Bacteria
Bacteria
Gram negative: site of endotoxin (LPS) Major surface antigen Lipid A: induces TNF alpha and IL-1
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Ribosomes?
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Ribosomes?
Protein Synthesis
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Periplasm?
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Periplasm?
Space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in GRAM NEGATIVE RODS Contains many hydrolytic enzymes (B-lactamases)
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Capsule?
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Function/Composition of Capsule?
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Capsule?
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Pilus/Fimbria?
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Pilus/Fimbria?
Mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface Sex pilus forms between 2 bacteria (conjugation)
Glycoprotein
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Flagellum?
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Flagellum?
Motility
Protein
Bacteria
Function/Composition of Spore?
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Function/Composition of Spore?
Provides resistance to dehydration, heat and chemicals Keratin-like coat; dipicolinic acid
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Function/Composition of Plasmid?
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Function/Composition of Plasmid?
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Function/Composition of Glycocalyx?
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Function/Composition of Glycocalyx?
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN
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PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/ENDOTOXIN
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/ENDOTOXIN Most Gram -
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PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES ENDOTOXIN Most Gram -
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES Polypeptide ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES Polypeptide ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO LPS
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES Polypeptide Plasmid/ Bacteriophage ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO LPS
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES Polypeptide Plasmid/ Bacteriophage ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO LPS Bacterial chromosome
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES Polypeptide Plasmid/ Bacteriophage High (1 ug) ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO LPS Bacterial chromosome
Bacteria
PROPERTY SOURCE SECRETED FROM CELL CHEMISTRY LOCATION OF GENES TOXICITY EXOTOXIN Gram +/YES Polypeptide Plasmid/ Bacteriophage High (1 ug) ENDOTOXIN Most Gram NO LPS Bacterial chromosome Low (100s)
Bacteria
PROPERTY Antigenicity Vaccines Heat Stability EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN
Typical Diseases
Bacteria
PROPERTY Antigenicity Vaccines Heat Stability Typical Diseases EXOTOXIN High (antitoxins) ENDOTOXIN
Bacteria
PROPERTY Antigenicity Vaccines Heat Stability Typical Diseases EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN High (antitoxins) Poorly antigenic
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PROPERTY Antigenicity Vaccines Heat Stability Typical Diseases EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN High (antitoxins) Poorly antigenic Toxoids
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PROPERTY Antigenicity Vaccines Heat Stability Typical Diseases EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN High (antitoxins) Poorly antigenic Toxoids None
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PROPERTY Antigenicity Vaccines Heat Stability EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN High (antitoxins) Poorly antigenic Toxoids Destroyed at 60C(except staph enterotoxin) None
Typical Diseases
Bacteria
PROPERTY EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN
Antigenicity
Vaccines Heat Stability
Typical Diseases
Bacteria
PROPERTY EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN
Antigenicity
Vaccines Heat Stability
Typical Diseases
Bacteria
PROPERTY EXOTOXIN ENDOTOXIN
Antigenicity
Vaccines Heat Stability
Typical Diseases
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Gram positive bacteria with exotoxin? Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clostridium tetani C. botulinum C. perfringens Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes
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Bacteria
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes
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S. aureus : TSST-1 binds to MHCII and T cell receptor IL-1 & IL-2 Toxic Shock (other toxins: enterotoxin, exfoliatin) S. pyogenes:
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S. aureus : TSST-1 binds to MHCII and T cell receptor IL-1 & IL-2 Toxic Shock (other toxins: enterotoxin, exfoliatin)
S. pyogenes: Erythrogenic toxinScarlet Fever Streptolysin O (hemolysin) : antigen for ASO titers for Rheumatic Fever
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
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C. diphtheriae: inactivates EF2 E. coli: heat labile toxin- stimulates adenylate cyclase heat stable toxin- stimulates guanylate cyclase B. pertussis V. cholerae
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C. diphtheriae: inactivates EF2 E. coli: heat labile toxin- stimulates adenylate cyclase heat stable toxin- stimulates guanylate cyclase B. pertussis: stimulates adenylate cyclase (Gi) V. cholerae
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C. diphtheriae: inactivates EF2 E. coli: heat labile toxin- stimulates adenylate cyclase heat stable toxin- stimulates guanylate cyclase B. pertussis: stimulates adenylate cyclase (Gi) V. cholerae: stimulates adenylate cyclase(Gs)
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Activates Macrophages:
IL-1 Fever TNF Fever, tissue necrosis Nitric Oxide Hypotension
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Activates Macrophages:
IL-1 Fever TNF Fever, tissue necrosis Nitric Oxide Hypotension
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Activates Macrophages:
IL-1 Fever TNF Fever, tissue necrosis Nitric Oxide Hypotension
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Treponema too thin (Darkfield & FTABS) Rickettsia Mycobacteria Mycoplasm Legionella pneumophila Chlamydia
Bacteria
Treponema too thin (Darkfield & FTABS) Rickettsia intracellular parasite Mycobacteria Mycoplasm Legionella pneumophila Chlamydia
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Treponema too thin (Darkfield & FTABS) Rickettsia intracellular parasite Mycobacteria high lipid content (Acid Fast) Mycoplasm Legionella pneumophila Chlamydia
Bacteria
Treponema too thin (Darkfield & FTABS) - Rickettsia intracellular parasite - Mycobacteria high lipid content (Acid Fast) - Mycoplasm no cell wall - Legionella pneumophila - Chlamydia
-
Bacteria
Treponema too thin (Darkfield & FTABS) - Rickettsia intracellular parasite - Mycobacteria high lipid content (Acid Fast) - Mycoplasm no cell wall - Legionella pneumophila intracellular (Silver Stain) - Chlamydia
-
Bacteria
Treponema too thin (Darkfield & FTABS) Rickettsia intracellular parasite Mycobacteria high lipid content (Acid Fast) Mycoplasm no cell wall Legionella pneumophila intracellular (Silver Stain) Chlamydia intracellular parasite
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Bacteria
Staphylococcus Streptococcus
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Alpha hemolytic
Beta hemolytic
Gamma hemolytic
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Bacteria
Alpha hemolytic S. pneumoniae S. viridans Beta hemolytic S. pyogenes S. agalactiae Gamma hemolytic
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Alpha hemolytic S. pneumoniae S. viridans Beta hemolytic S. pyogenes S. agalactiae Gamma hemolytic Enterococcus Peptostreptococcus
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Bacteria
S. Pneumoniae Optochin sensitive Bile soluble Viridans streptococci Optochin resistant Not bile soluble
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Lactose Nonfermenters?
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Lactose Nonfermenters?
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Bacteria
H. Influenza N. Gonorrhoea B. Pertussis C. Diphtheriae M. Tuberculosis Lactose Fermenting Enterics Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea B. Pertussis C. Diphtheriae M. Tuberculosis Lactose Fermenting Enterics Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis C. Diphtheriae M. Tuberculosis Lactose Fermenting Enterics Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis Bordet- Gengou (potato) agar C. Diphtheriae M. Tuberculosis Lactose Fermenting Enterics Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis Bordet- Gengou (potato) agar C. Diphtheriae Tellurite plate, Lofflers medium, blood agar M. Tuberculosis Lactose Fermenting Enterics Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis Bordet- Gengou (potato) agar C. Diphtheriae Tellurite plate, Lofflers medium, blood agar M. Tuberculosis Lowenstein-Jensen agar Lactose Fermenting Enterics Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis Bordet- Gengou (potato) agar C. Diphtheriae Tellurite plate, Lofflers medium, blood agar M. Tuberculosis Lowenstein-Jensen agar Lactose Fermenting Enterics Pink colonies on MacConkeys agar Legionella Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis Bordet- Gengou (potato) agar C. Diphtheriae Tellurite plate, Lofflers medium, blood agar M. Tuberculosis Lowenstein-Jensen agar Lactose Fermenting Enterics Pink colonies on MacConkeys agar Legionella Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with increased iron & cysteine Fungi
Bacteria
Special Culture Requirements?
H. Influenza Chocolate Agar Factor V (NAD) & X (Hematin) N. Gonorrhoea Thayer-Martin (VCN) B. Pertussis Bordet- Gengou (potato) agar C. Diphtheriae Tellurite plate, Lofflers medium, blood agar M. Tuberculosis Lowenstein-Jensen agar Lactose Fermenting Enterics Pink colonies on MacConkeys agar Legionella Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with increased iron & cysteine Fungi Sabourauds agar
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Giemsas PAS Ziehl- Neelsen India ink Silver stain
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light Giemsas PAS Ziehl- Neelsen India ink Silver stain
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light Giemsas Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia PAS Ziehl- Neelsen India ink Silver stain
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light Giemsas Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia PAS stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides used to dx Whipples disease Ziehl- Neelsen India ink Silver stain
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light Giemsas Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia PAS stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides used to dx Whipples disease Ziehl- Neelsen Acid-fast bacteria India ink Silver stain
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light Giemsas Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia PAS stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides used to dx Whipples disease Ziehl- Neelsen Acid-fast bacteria India ink Cryptococcus neoformans (also red on mucicarmine stain) Silver stain
Bacteria
Stains
Congo Red Amyloid; apple-green birefringence in polarized light Giemsas Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia PAS stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides used to dx Whipples disease Ziehl- Neelsen Acid-fast bacteria India ink Cryptococcus neoformans Silver stain Bartonella, P. jiroveci, H. pylori, Legionella
Congo Red
Amyloid
Giemsa
Plasmodium ovale
Ziehl-Neelson Stain
M. tuberculosis
India Ink
Cryptococcus
Silver stain
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Bacteria
Conjugation Transduction Transformation
Bacteria
Conjugation: DNA (chromosomal or plasmid) transferred from one bacterium to another Transduction Transformation
Bacteria
Conjugation: DNA (chromosomal or plasmid) transferred from one bacterium to another Transduction: DNA transferred by a virus from 1 bacterium to another Transformation
Bacteria
Conjugation: DNA (chromosomal or plasmid) transferred from one bacterium to another Transduction: DNA transferred by a virus from 1 bacterium to another Transformation: Purified DNA taken up by a cell (pro/eukaryotic)
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Obligate Aerobes?
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Obligate Aerobes?
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Obligate Anaerobes?
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Obligate Anaerobes?
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Bacteria
Rickettsia Chlamydia
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Encapsulated bacteria?
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Encapsulated bacteria?
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Bacteria
S. Aureus
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S. Aureus Virulence?
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S. Aureus Virulence?
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S. Aureus Virulence?
Protein A (virulence factor) binds FcIgG, inhibiting complement and phagocytosis TSST-1 Exfoliative toxin Enterotoxin (preformed)
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S. Aureus Virulence?
Protein A (virulence factor) binds FcIgG, inhibiting complement and phagocytosis TSST-1 superantigen Exfoliative toxin Enterotoxin (preformed)
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S. Aureus Virulence?
Protein A (virulence factor) binds FcIgG, inhibiting complement and phagocytosis TSST-1 superantigen Exfoliative toxin scalded skin Enterotoxin (preformed)
Bacteria
S. Aureus Virulence?
Protein A (virulence factor) binds FcIgG, inhibiting complement and phagocytosis TSST-1 superantigen Exfoliative toxin scalded skin Enterotoxin (preformed) food poisoning
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Bacteria
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Pyogenic toxin cellulitis, pharyngitis, impetigo Toxigenic toxin Scarlet fever, TSS Immunologic toxin
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Pyogenic toxin cellulitis, pharyngitis, impetigo Toxigenic toxin Scarlet fever, TSS Immunologic toxin RF, Acute GN
(Antibody to M protein enhances host defenses)
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Rheumatic Fever?
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Rheumatic Fever?
P E C C S
Bacteria
Rheumatic Fever?
Polyarthritis E C C S
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Rheumatic Fever?
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Rheumatic Fever?
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Rheumatic Fever?
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Rheumatic Fever?
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Modified Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Heard Disease?
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Modified Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Heard Disease? Polyarthritis Erthema marginatum Chorea Carditis Subcutaneous nodules
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Major: Polyarthritis Erthema marginatum Chorea Carditis Subcutaneous nodules Minor: Fever Arthralgias Increased ESR Increased CRP Increased PR Recent Strep infection 2 major or 1 major an 2 minor = DX
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Bacteria
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S. Viridans types?
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S. Viridans types?
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Clostridia Exotoxins?
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Clostridia Exotoxins?
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Clostridia Exotoxins?
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Clostridia Exotoxins?
C. tetani exotoxin tetanus C. botulism heat-labile botulism C. perfrigens alpha toxin (lecithinase) gas gangrene, hemolysis C. difficile
Bacteria
Clostridia Exotoxins?
C. tetani exotoxin tetanus C. botulism heat-labile botulism C. perfrigens alpha toxin (lecithinase) gas gangrene, hemolysis C. difficile cytotoxin, exotoxin pseudomembranous colitis
Bacteria
C. Diphtheriae
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C. Diphtheriae Virulence?
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C. Diphtheriae Virulence?
Exotoxin: encoded by B-prophage ,inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2 pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Bacteria
L I N E S
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Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Lymphangitis: Red streaks Impetigo: Honey crusted lesions Necrotizing fascitis Eryseplis: Infection of SQ fat; no blanching, raised borders
Bacteria
Lymphangitis: Red streaks Impetigo: Honey crusted lesions Necrotizing fascitis Eryseplis: Infection of SQ fat; no blanching, raised borders Scarlet Fever: Sand paper like rash; palms & soles
(LINES)
Bacteria
END OF DAY 1
Questions:
A pharyngeal exudates sample from a 20-year old female is placed on an enriched medium containing vancomycin, colistin and trimethoprim. The media would favor growth of which of the following bacteria?
c.) S. pneumoniae
d.) K. pneumoniae e.) N. gonorrhoeae f.) C. diphtheriae
Questions:
A pharyngeal exudates sample from a 20-year old female is placed on an enriched medium containing vancomycin, colistin and trimethoprim. The media would favor growth of which of the following bacteria?
a.) E. coli b.) S. pyogenes c.) S. pneumoniae d.) K. pneumoniae e.) N. gonorrhoeae f.) C. diphtheriae Thayer-Martin agar: Vancomycin inhibits gram + , colistin and TMP inhibits gram - , Nystatin inhibits fungi
Questions:
Gram stain of a CSF sample from a 21 year old Caucasian male army recruit with fever and headache demonstrates bean-shaped gram negative cocci in pairs. Which of the following is the most likely route of meningeal contamination in this patient?
A.) pharynx lymphatics meninges B.) middle ear contigous tissues meninges
Questions:
Gram stain of a CSF sample from a 21 year old Caucasian male army recruit with fever and headache demonstrates bean-shaped gram negative cocci in pairs. Which of the following is the most likely route of meningeal contamination in this patient?
A.) pharynx lymphatics meninges B.) middle ear contigous tissues meninges
Questions:
Gram stain of a CSF sample from a 21 year old Caucasian male army recruit with fever and headache demonstrates bean-shaped gram negative cocci in pairs. Which of the following is the most likely route of meningeal contamination in this patient?
A.) pharynx lymphatics meninges (H. influenza) B.) middle ear contigous tissues meninges ( S. pneumoniae)
Questions:
A toxic substance produced by C. perfringens induces massive hemolysis and tissue necrosis when injected into mice. The lethal effect observed in the experiment correlates with substances ability to split:
C. Phospholipids
D. Carbohydrates E. Plasminogen
Questions:
A toxic substance produced by C. perfringens induces massive hemolysis and tissue necrosis when injected into mice. The lethal effect observed in the experiment correlates with substances ability to split:
Questions:
An outbreak of water-born gastroenteritis reported in Latin America is caused by oxidase-positive, gram -, comma shaped rods that can survive on alkaline media. Stool microscopy in these patients is expected to demonstrate:
Questions:
An outbreak of water-born gastroenteritis reported in Latin America is caused by oxidase-positive, gram -, comma shaped rods that can survive on alkaline media. Stool microscopy in these patients is expected to demonstrate:
A. Mucus and some epithelial cells V. cholerae B. Many leukocytes, neutrophils predominant
Questions:
An outbreak of water-born gastroenteritis reported in Latin America is caused by oxidase-positive, gram -, comma shaped rods that can survive on alkaline media. Stool microscopy in these patients is expected to demonstrate:
A. Mucus and some epithelial cells V. cholerae B. Many leukocytes, neutrophils predominant - Salmonella C. Many leukocytes, eosinophils predominant intestinal parasites D. Many leukocytes , lymphocytes predominant E. Many erythrocytes and some leukocytes EIEC, Shigella * This morphology may be confused by C. jejuni, one of the most common causes of diarrhea worldwide, which is a curved motile gram -, oxidase + rod, but this organism is unable to survive alkaline enrichment
Questions:
A 7-year old Caucasian boy is brought to your office with blisters on his face. Some of the blisters have broken and are covered with golden yellow crusts. Exudate microscopy reveals gram + cocci in chains. Which of the following would be a component of the clinical syndrome that may follow such a infection?
Questions:
A 7-year old Caucasian boy is brought to your office with blisters on his face. Some of the blisters have broken and are covered with golden yellow crusts. Exudate microscopy reveals gram + cocci in chains. Which of the following would be a component of the clinical syndrome that may follow such a infection?
Questions:
A 7-year old Caucasian boy is brought to your office with blisters on his face. Some of the blisters have broken and are covered with golden yellow crusts. Exudate microscopy reveals gram + cocci in chains. Which of the following would be a component of the clinical syndrome that may follow such a infection?
B. Fatigue and heart murmurs RF does not occur in relation to Streptococcal skin infections
C. Face puffiness and dark urine Impetigo (S. pyogenes, S.aureus) D. Bilateral facial nerve palsy Lymes disease (B. burgdorferi)
Questions:
A 46 year old male who just returned from a mission trip to Latin America presents to your office complaining of fever, myalgias, dull abdominal pain, and a week-long history of watery diarrhea that has recently become bloody. Physical examination reveals a fever of 102F, hepatosplenomegaly, and rose-colored spots at the periumbilical area. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patients symptoms?
D. V. cholerae
C. C. jejuni
Questions:
A 46 year old male who just returned from a mission trip to Latin America presents to your office complaining of fever, myalgias, dull abdominal pain, and a week-long history of watery diarrhea that has recently become bloody. Physical examination reveals a fever of 102F, hepatosplenomegaly, and rose-colored spots at the periumbilical area. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patients symptoms?
D. V. cholerae
C. C. jejuni
Questions:
A 4 year old immigrant boy is brought to the pediatric ER with a swollen right knee, accompained by fever and malaise. He is hypotensive and tachycardic. His past medical history is nothing significant except for one episode of otitis media. Some of his vaccinations are not up-to-date. Synovial fluid and blood cultures grew pleomorphic gram rods on hematin containing medium. The pathogenesis of the organism responsible for his condition is most likely related to which of the following?
Questions:
A 4 year old immigrant boy is brought to the pediatric ER with a swollen right knee, accompained by fever and malaise. He is hypotensive and tachycardic. His past medical history is nothing significant except for one episode of otitis media. Some of his vaccinations are not up-to-date. Synovial fluid and blood cultures grew pleomorphic gram rods on hematin containing medium. The pathogenesis of the organism responsible for his condition is most likely related to which of the following?
A. Endotoxin B. Fimbriae C. Capsule H. influenzae (polysaccharide capsule) D. Cytotoxic exotoxin E. Hemolysins F Hyaluronidase
Questions:
Group A Streptococci demonstrate significant resistance to phagocytic killing when placed in fresh human blood. This resistance can be most effectively overcome by adding antibodies to which of the following?
A. Hyaluronate B. Streptolysin O
C. Dnase
D. Protein M E. Teichoic Acid F. Streptokinase
Questions:
Group A Streptococci demonstrate significant resistance to phagocytic killing when placed in fresh human blood. This resistance can be most effectively overcome by adding antibodies to which of the following?
D. Protein M S. pyogenes
E. Teichoic Acid F. Streptokinase
Protein M inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation, mediates bacterial adherence, and is the target of type-specific humoral immunity to S. Pyogenes.
Questions:
E. coli strains isolated from a 4 year old Caucasian female with bloody diarrhea produce a substance that inhibits protein synthesis in human cells. The substance shares many properties with the toxin produced by:
A. S. dysenteriae B. V. cholerae
C. C. difficile
D. P. mirabilis E. S. typhi F. P. aeruginosa
Questions:
E. coli strains isolated from a 4 year old Caucasian female with bloody diarrhea produce a substance that inhibits protein synthesis in human cells. The substance shares many properties with the toxin produced by:
D. P. mirabilis
E. S. typhi F. P. aeruginosa
Shiga-like toxins are produced by EHEC. These toxins function to inhibit the 60s ribosomal subunit in human cells thereby blocking protein synthesis.
Questions:
An 18 year old college freshman is brought to the ER with a high fever, confusion, and headaches. Physical examination reveals nuchal rigidity and a purpuric rash on his lower extremities. This infection could have been prevented by a vaccine containing:
C. Capsular polysaccharide
D. Inactivated toxin E. Live attenuated bacteria
Questions:
An 18 year old college freshman is brought to the ER with a high fever, confusion, and headaches. Physical examination reveals nuchal rigidity and a purpuric rash on his lower extremities. This infection could have been prevented by a vaccine containing:
Questions:
A 5 year old boy is found to have high serum level of antibodies against polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP). The antibodies would most likely carry protection against: Pyelonephritis Miliary tuberculosis Rheumatic fever Osteomyelitis Epiglottitis Malignant pustule
A. B. C. D. E. F.
Questions:
A 5 year old boy is found to have high serum level of antibodies against polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP). The antibodies would most likely carry protection against: Pyelonephritis Miliary tuberculosis Rheumatic fever Osteomyelitis Epiglottitis H. influenzae (type b) Malignant pustule
A. B. C. D. E. F.
Vaccine is composed of polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP), a componet of Hib capsule, conjuaged with diphtheria or tetanus toxoid.
Questions:
A 6 year old male is brought to the pediatric ER with fever and sore throat. The parents tell you that the child has not received any immunizations. Physical exam reveals a grey pharyngeal exudate and Gram stain shows scant Gram positive organisms. Which of the following culture types would facilitate the growth of this organism?
A. MacConkey Agar B. Thayer-Martin VCN medium C. Blood agar containing bile and hyerptonic saline D. Cysteine-tellurite agar
E. Bordet-Gengou medium
Questions:
A 6 year old male is brought to the pediatric ER with fever and sore throat. The parents tell you that the child has not received any immunizations. Physical exam reveals a grey pharyngeal exudate and Gram stain shows scant Gram positive organisms. Which of the following culture types would facilitate the growth of this organism?
A. MacConkey Agar B. Thayer-Martin VCN medium C. Blood agar containing bile and hyerptonic saline D. Cysteine-tellurite agar C. diphtheriae (black colonies)
E. Bordet-Gengou medium
Questions:
A 6 year old male is brought to the pediatric ER with fever and sore throat. The parents tell you that the child has not received any immunizations. Physical exam reveals a grey pharyngeal exudate and Gram stain shows scant Gram positive organisms. Which of the following culture types would facilitate the growth of this organism?
A. MacConkey Agar Gram + enterics B. Thayer-Martin VCN medium Niesseria species C. Blood agar containing bile and hyerptonic saline Enterococci D. Cysteine-tellurite agar C. diphtheriae (black colonies)
Questions:
A 38-year old male intravenous drug user hospitalized for highgrade fever, fatigue and dyspnea dies in the ICU. His lung autopsy findings are shown on the slide below. This patient most likely suffered from:
Questions:
A 38-year old male intravenous drug user hospitalized for high-grade fever, fatigue and dyspnea dies in the ICU. His lung autopsy findings are shown on the slide below. This patient most likely suffered from:
A. Mycotic aortic aneurysm B. Tricupsid valve endocarditis S. aureus C. Severe small airway obstruction
D. Miliary TB
E. Venous thromboembolism MCC of tricuspid endocarditis in IVDA is S. aureus. These patients can develop multiple septic emboli in lungs. Pulmonary infarcts are almost always hemorrhagic due to the dual blood supply to the lungs.
Questions:
There is a specific bacterial product that , when injected locally into the muscles of patients with relentless focal dystonias such as torticollis, produces a dramatic but temporary relief of symptoms. This substance is produced by bacteria that demonstrate:
Questions:
There is a specific bacterial product that , when injected locally into the muscles of patients with relentless focal dystonias such as torticollis, produces a dramatic but temporary relief of symptoms. This substance is produced by bacteria that demonstrate:
Questions:
A community hospital is experiencing an increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias. Most cases occur in patients with long hospitalizations. The microorganism isolated in several cases is visualized with silver stains and demonstrates slow growth on complex media such a charcoal-yeast extract supplemented with cysteine. Which of the following is most likely implicated in the increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias in the hospital?
A. Infection carriers among the hospital staff B. Poor isolation of the infected patients C. Failed sterilization of mechanical ventilators D. Colonization of the hospital water system E. Widespread use of antimicrobial agents F. Widespread us of intravascular devices
Questions:
A community hospital is experiencing an increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias. Most cases occur in patients with long hospitalizations. The microorganism isolated in several cases is visualized with silver stains and demonstrates slow growth on complex media such a charcoal-yeast extract supplemented with cysteine. Which of the following is most likely implicated in the increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias in the hospital?
A. Infection carriers among the hospital staff B. Poor isolation of the infected patients C. Failed sterilization of mechanical ventilators D. Colonization of the hospital water system - L. pneumophilia E. Widespread use of antimicrobial agents F. Widespread us of intravascular devices
Questions:
A 74 year-old previously healthy Caucasian male comes to this physicians office complaining of abrupt onset fever, headache, mayalgias, malaise, cough and throat pain . His two granddaughters missed several days of school because of similar symptoms. Examination demonstrates mild hyperemia of the throat without any exudate, and the patient is sent home on conservative management. Five days later, he is admitted to the hospital with progressive dyspnea, chest pain and productive cough. Which of the following pathogens is most likely to be isolated from this patients sputum?
Questions:
A 74 year-old previously healthy Caucasian male comes to this physicians office complaining of abrupt onset fever, headache, mayalgias, malaise, cough and throat pain . His two granddaughters missed several days of school because of similar symptoms. Examination demonstrates mild hyperemia of the throat without any exudate, and the patient is sent home on conservative management. Five days later, he is admitted to the hospital with progressive dyspnea, chest pain and productive cough. Which of the following pathogens is most likely to be isolated from this patients sputum?
In order, the pathogens most often responsible for secondary (Influenza Virus) bacterial pneumonia are S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and H. influenzae.
Questions:
A 62 year old Caucasian male who recently underwent a mitral valve replacement is having low-grade fevers. He also complains of dyspnea and malaise. Repeated blood cultures grow Gram + cocci in clusters that are catalase + and coagulase - Which of the following is the best initial treatment for this patient?
A. Pencillin G
B. Naficillin
C. Vancomycin D. Ciprofloxacin E. Erythromycin F. Cefriaxone
Questions:
A 62 year old Caucasian male who recently underwent a mitral valve replacement is having low-grade fevers. He also complains of dyspnea and malaise. Repeated blood cultures grow Gram + cocci in clusters that are catalase + and coagulase - Which of the following is the best initial treatment for this patient?
A. Pencillin G
B. Naficillin
C. Vancomycin S. epidermidis (nosocomial) D. Ciprofloxacin E. Erythromycin F. Cefriaxone
Questions:
A 24-year old female presents to your office with burning during urination, urine clouding and urinary frequency. She denies fever, chills and flank pain. She had similar episodes before that was treated with antibiotics. She has no other medical problems and does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Her vital signs are stable. Physical examination shows suprapubic tenderness. Which of the following bacteria is most likely to be isolated from this patients urine?
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Salmonella typhi C. Salmonella enteritidis D. Campylobacter jejuni
G. Yersinia enterocolitica
H. Haemophilus influenzae I. Vibrio cholerae J. Streptococcus pyogenes
E. Shigella dysenteriae
F. Proteus mirablis
K. Esherichia coli
L. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Questions:
A 24-year old female presents to your office with burning during urination, urine clouding and urinary frequency. She denies fever, chills and flank pain. She had similar episodes before that was treated with antibiotics. She has no other medical problems and does not use tobacco, alcohol or drugs. Her vital signs are stable. Physical examination shows suprapubic tenderness. Which of the following bacteria is most likely to be isolated from this patients urine?
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Salmonella typhi C. Salmonella enteritidis D. Campylobacter jejuni
G. Yersinia enterocolitica
H. Haemophilus influenzae I. Vibrio cholerae J. Streptococcus pyogenes
E. Shigella dysenteriae
F. Proteus mirablis
Questions:
A 23 year old Caucasian female presents to clinic with lower abdominal pain and scant bloody vaginal discharge. She has been sexually active multiple partners and uses condoms on occasion. She has been treated for genital infections in the past but denies any history of pregnancy. Her blood pressure is 112/70 mm Hg while supine and 96/60 mm Hg while standing. A pregnancy test is positive. Which of the following microorganisms is most likely responsible for this patients current condition?
A. Gardnerella vaginalis B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae C. Trichomonas vaginalis D. Treponema pallidum E. Staphylococcus saphrophyticus F. Esherichia coli
Questions:
A 23 year old Caucasian female presents to clinic with lower abdominal pain and scant bloody vaginal discharge. She has been sexually active multiple partners and uses condoms on occasion. She has been treated for genital infections in the past but denies any history of pregnancy. Her blood pressure is 112/70 mm Hg while supine and 96/60 mm Hg while standing. A pregnancy test is positive. Which of the following microorganisms is most likely responsible for this patients current condition?
A. Gardnerella vaginalis B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae -PID C. Trichomonas vaginalis D. Treponema pallidum E. Staphylococcus saphrophyticus F. Esherichia coli PID: commonly caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis and is strongly assoicated wih an increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy.
Questions:
A 23 year old Caucasian female is brought to the ER with fever, vomiting, diarrhea and muscle pain. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and pulse is 120/min. Physical examination reveals erythroderma, and pelvic exam reveals a tampon in the vagina. The activation of which of the following cells is primarily responsible for this patients condition?
a. Mast cells and eosinophils b. Basophils and macrophages c. Neutrophils and B lymphocytes d. Macrophages and T lymphocytes
Questions:
A 23 year old Caucasian female is brought to the ER with fever, vomiting, diarrhea and muscle pain. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and pulse is 120/min. Physical examination reveals erythroderma, and pelvic exam reveals a tampon in the vagina. The activation of which of the following cells is primarily responsible for this patients condition?
a. Mast cells and eosinophils b. Basophils and macrophages c. Neutrophils and B lymphocytes d. Macrophages and T lymphocytes (TSST-1) e. Platelets and mast cells Enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins and TSST-1 are the toxins with super antigen activity.
Questions:
A sample of contaminated moist soil is heated to 100C for 15 minutes. Which of the following bacteria is most likely to be recovered from the soil sample following heat exposure?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Listeria monocytogenes C. Escherichia coli D. Bacillus anthracis E. Brucella melitensis
Questions:
A sample of contaminated moist soil is heated to 100C for 15 minutes. Which of the following bacteria is most likely to be recovered from the soil sample following heat exposure?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Listeria monocytogenes C. Escherichia coli D. Bacillus anthracis spore forming bacteria E. Brucella melitensis
Questions:
Microscopic examination of a sputum sample from a 34 year old male with fever and cough reveals gram + lancet-shaped cocci in pairs. These bacteria are likely to be:
A. Catalase positive B. Optochin positive C. Bile soluble D. Capable of complete hemolysis E. Bacitracin sensitive F. Able to grow in 6.5% NaCl
Questions:
Microscopic examination of a sputum sample from a 34 year old male with fever and cough reveals gram + lancet-shaped cocci in pairs. These bacteria are likely to be:
A. Catalase positive B. Optochin positive C. Bile soluble S. pneumoniae D. Capable of complete hemolysis E. Bacitracin sensitive F. Able to grow in 6.5% NaCl