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By the time it reaches the earths surface, the energy from the sun has fallen about 1 000 watts/m2.
SHS comprise several innovations and many mature renewable energy technologies that have been well established for many years. SHS has been widely used in Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Australia, Japan, Austria and China.
Using magnifying glass that was used to concentrate suns rays to make fire and to burn ants. Greeks and Romans use burning mirrors to light torches for religious purposes. Archimedes, used the reflective properties of bronze shields to focus sunlight and to set fire to wooden ships. Bath houses and sunrooms was created by windows facing through the sun to let in the suns warmth in Roman. Ancestors of Pueblo people in North America live in South facing cliff dwellings that capture the winter sun.
1896 - USA enclosed a tank in a wooden box, thus creating the first batch water heater' as they are known today. 1988 - Dr. Alvin Marks receives patents for two solar power technologies he developed which are Lepcon and Lumeloid. o Lepcon consists of glass panels covered with a vast array of millions of aluminum or copper strips, each less than a micron or thousandth of a millimeter wide. o Lumeloid uses a similar approach but more cheaper, film-like sheets of plastic for the glass panels and covers the plastic with conductive polymers, long chains of molecular plastic units. 1992 - University of South Florida develops a 15.9% efficient thin-film photovoltaic cell made of cadmium telluride, breaking the 15% barrier for the first time for this technology. 1994 - First solar dish generator using a free-piston Stirling engine is tied to a utility grid. 1999 - National Renewable Energy Laboratory develops a photovoltaic solar cell that converts 32.3% of the sunlight that hits it into electricity.
2000 - First Solar begins production in Perrysburg, Ohio, at the worlds largest photovoltaic manufacturing plant. 2001 - The National Space Development Agency of Japan, or NASDA, announces plans to develop a satellite-based solar power system that would beam energy back to Earth. - Powerlight Corporation installs the largest rooftop solar power system in the United States, 1.18 megawatt system at the Santa Rita Jail in Dublin, California.
2002 - NASA successfully conducts two tests of a solar-powered, remotecontrolled aircraft called Pathfinder Plus.
2005 - Spain became the first country in the world to require the installation of photovoltaic electricity generation in new buildings. 2006 - The second country (after Israel) to require the installation of solar water heating systems.
ACTIVE DIRECT
A direct solar water heating system is a system where the water itself is circulated through the solar energy collectors when water needs to be heated
INDIRECT
An indirect solar water heating system is a system where, instead of having the water itself circulate A heat-transfer fluid is circulated through the solar collectors This heat-transfer fluid, typically propylene glycol, is then circulated through the water tank, where the water is heated.
PASSIVE
BATCH SYSTEM
consists of one or more metal water tanks painted with a heat absorbing black coating placed in an insulating box or container with a glass or plastic cover that admits sunlight to strike the tank directly use the existing house pressure to move water through the system
THERMOSIPHON SYSTEMS
flat plate collector and a separate storage tank that must be located higher than the collector storage tank receives heated water coming from the top of the collector into the top of the storage tank. Colder water from the bottom of the storage tank will be drawn into the lower entry of the solar collector to replace the heated water that was thermosiphoned upward.
pre-heat the water before it enter the existing hot water heater
reduce the amount of energy and time required to heat the water to the desired temperature
reduce the monthly energy costs for water heating in between 50-80%.
1. Maintenance Maintenance costs are generally very low. Require little maintenance 2. Energy production Produce high energy Depends on the heat delivered by the sun at a particular place
3. Environmental Benefits Zero pollution Avoided carbon dioxide emissions for energy production 4. Cost effective Cost effective and economical Utilizes the energy from the sun Does not require any type of fuel to burn
1. Reliability depends entirely on the weather 2. Location Not every region of the country receives enough sustained sunlight Installations in colder areas also require more, and costly, insulation to keep heat from radiating back out through windows
3. Cost designing home to take advantage of solar heating can be an expensive process require remodeling, and even replacement of interior and exterior walls, to get the best effect. 4. Design require precisely configuring parts of your home to take advantage of the angle of the sun bad design can produce too much heat and glare
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