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Thermal pollution and its efFects on ecosystem

Click to edit Master subtitle style 661 Khadija Sarwar Roll no:

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Thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is change in normal temperature of water bodies by human activity act as water pollutant of water bodies is raised and cause thermal pollution or calefaction. production of energy from a fuel source is a direct cause of thermal pollution

Heat

Temperature

The

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Sources of thermal pollution

1.Discharge of heated water or hot waste material into water bodies from

Nuclear power plants Electric power plants Coal fired power plants Industrial effluents

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SOURCES OF THERMAL POLLUTION Nuclear power plant

Nuclear

power plant use water for

cooling
After

the water is used it is put back into water supply at 9-20 degree Celcius

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Continued. Electric power plants

Electric power plants use cooling water to minimize the heating of equipment. United Stated, 86% of the cooling water is used in electric power plants and is major source of thermal pollution.

In

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Continued..
Coal fired power plants
Coal

is used as a fuel

Condenser

coils are cooled by using d water from nearby lake or river. .

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Continued. Industrial effluents

Discharged

water from steam electric power industry, paper mills, steam mills will have 6 to 9 degree Celsius elevated temperature than receiving water body.

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Sources of thermal pollution

v

2. Deforestation on shore line causes soil erosion and water receives more light temperature of water is raised. 3.Soil erosion makes water muddy, water absorbs more light and temperature of water is raised.

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Effects on ecosystem
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Thermal shock- aquatic life adapted to certain temperature can go into shock when temperature is raised even 1 or 2 degrees C

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Continued
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When the water temperature increases, the dissolved oxygen level decreases exponentially. This increases respiration rates and the consumption of oxygen occurs at a faster rate.

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Continued
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Reduced dissolved oxygen increases metabolism which in turn increases demand for oxygen. Increase in metabolism also causes food source shortage. Thermal pollution also causes organisms to become more sensitive to toxic waste, parasites, and other diseases.

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Continued
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Death of stenothermic organisms temperature change of 1or 2 degrees Celsius cause death of many species. desert in coral population in 1998

Biological Decline In

Australia, where many rivers have warmer temperature regimes, native fish species have been eliminated, and macro invertebrate fauna have been

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Continued
Death

of stenothermic organisms

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Continued
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Higher water temperature increases plant growth rates, resulting in a shorter lifespan and species overpopulation. This can cause an algae bloom which reduces the oxygen levels in the water. The higher plant density leads to an increased plant respiration rate because the reduced light intensity decreases photosynthesis.

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Hatching of eggs and spawning hatching of eggs fishes like trout fail to hatch in elevated temperature. water also disrupts spawning and kills the young fail to spawn in elevated temperature

Early

Some

Warm

Salmon

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Continue.
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Changes in migration pattern Havoc to native species pollution can wreak havoc on natives. When the water becomes warmer, other non-native fish that thrive in the warmth called less desirable species can take over habitats from native fish.

Thermal

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Thermal enrichment water may even lead to improved function of the receiving aquatic ecosystem. This phenomenon is known as thermal enrichment. extreme case is derived from the aggregational habits of the manatee, which often uses power plant discharge sites during winter..

Warm

An

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Decrease in biodiversity

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Control measures
Cooling Cooling

towers ponds

Cogeneration Keep

vegetation along streams and other bodies of water. This reduces erosion and keeps the water clearer and cooler. solar power,hydroelectric power

Use

THERMAL POLLUTION AT GLOBAL LEVEL

Ebro The

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river is longest river in Spain

water temperature is altered because of the use of water for cooling at the Asc nuclear power plant

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An

increase of 2.3C in the mean annual water temperature has been demonstrated in the period 19552000 at this site.

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Continue. Savanna River nuclear power plant

In

Savana Nuclear power plant, the number of plant species and turtles was at least 75% lower in ponds receiving hot water. The number of fish species was reduced by one third.

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Thermal pollution in Pakistan

In

Pakistan waste water drain in to rivers or channels. The Kabul river located in Nowshera get polluted due to discharge of industries, sewage and waste water. The same is case with the Leiah Nullah in Rawalpindi, the Ravi in Lahore, canals in Faisalabad and Lyari and Malir in Karachi. river is one of top 10 rivers of world at risk of climate change

Indus

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