GENERATORS

Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.
Winston Churchill

DEFINITION
Principle & Theory Excitation System

Cooling System Sealing System

Generator is an Electromechanical device that converts Mechanical energy into Electrical energy.

Definition

PRINCIPLE & THEORY

Excitation System

Cooling System Sealing System

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
A.C. generators or alternators operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction.Whenever an electric current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is immediately brought into existence in the space surrounding the conductor. The converse is also true i.e. when a magnetic field, embracing a conductor, moves relative to the conductor, it produce a flow of electrons in the conductor. Due to this phenomenon, an e.m.f. and hence current is induced in any conductor which is cut across or is cut by a magnetic flux is known as electromagnetic induction.

FARADAYS LAW
First Law

Whenever the magnetic flux, linked with a conductor, changes, an e.m.f. is always induced in it. or Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an e.m.f. is induced in that conductor.
Second Law

The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages.

GENERATION OF AC VOLTAGE

Alternating voltage may be generated by rotating a coil in the magnetic field or by rotating a magnetic field within a stationary coil. The value of the voltage generated depends on1. 2. 3. The number of turns in the coil. Strength of the magnetic field. The speed at which the coil or magnetic field rotates

Explanation of Faradays law

Suppose a coil has N turns flux through it changes from an initial value of 1 Weber to the final value of 2 Weber in time t seconds. Then, remembering that by flux linkages is meant the product of number of turns by the flux linked with the coil, Initial flux linkages with coil = N 1 Final flux linkages with coil = N 2

Induced E.M.F

N 2 - N 1 e = -----------------t 2 -- 1 = N -----------t volt

Wb/s or volt

Putting the above equation in differential form, d e = ------- ( N ) volt dt d e = - N ------- volt dt

Definition Principle & Theory

EXCITATION SYSTEM
Cooling System Sealing System

TYPES OF GENERATORS

STATIC EXCITATION
SLIP RINGS

GENERATOR 3 PH AC

TURBINE

GT EXC TX

CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

SEMI STATIC EXCITATION

BRUSHGEAR EXCITER 3 PH AC GENERATOR VARIABLE DC TURBINE

STEP DOWN TX

EXCITER ROTOR STATOR CONTROLLED DC 3 H AC,50HZ

GENERATOR CONTROLLED DC 3 H AC,50HZ

CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

BRUSHLESS EXCITATION
PMG
PILOT EXCITER

3PH AC,150HZ
MAIN EXCITER

GENERATOR DIODE WHEEL

TURBINE

3 PH, 400HZ

3 PH AC, 50 HZ

PILOT EXCITER

MAIN EXCITER 3 H AC,150HZ AC CONTROLLED DC

GENERATOR CONTROLLED DC 3 H AC,50HZ

CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

ROTOR STATOR

PERMANENT MAGNET 3PH, 400HZ AC

Definition Principle & Theory Excitation System

COOLING SYSTEM
Sealing System

Definition

A process by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up to a coolant by increasing its temperature

Necessity

Avoid excessive heating Increase in life Increase in rating & efficiency

WHY WE NEED STATOR & ROTOR COOLING?

Friction & winding loss

Stray load loss

Core loss

Stator/ Rotor loss

I2 R loss

COOLING USED FOR LARGE SIZED TURBO-GENERATOR

Rotor Cooling
H2 coolant

Stator Cooling
DM water

Press=3.5 ksc Purity>98%

Inlet Water TEMP=300C

HYDROGEN COOLING (ROTOR & STATOR CORE)

Other Controlling Equipments

WATER COOLING (STATOR WINDING)

Circulation of DM water

Rated Flow= 58m3/hr

PH=8.2 - 8.8 (NaOH Dosing)

SPECIFICATIONS

Max Conductivity = 1.95 S/cm

Max Inlet Pressure = 3.5 Ksc Rated Temp = 4000 C

Definition Principle & Theory Excitation System

Cooling System

SEALING SYSTEM

Air Side Seal Oil Circuit

PowerPoint has new layouts that give you SEALtoOIL more ways present CIRCUIT your words, images and media.

H2 Side Seal Oil Circuit

Seal Oil Storage Tank

SEAL OIL SYSTEM

Saroj Nalin Prem S Prasad

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This has been a presentation of Executive Trainess of C&I Batch ET-08.