Electrical Safety

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Energized Wires

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Identification of electrical hazards

Different work places have different electrical hazards Work activity involving electrical equipments. 1. Bad design of equipments 2. Inadequate installation of equipments. 3. Unsafe use of equipments. 4. Equipment selection not as per environmental conditions 5. Improper capacity selection of equipments.

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Electrical risk to health and safety

1. Leakage to equipments Body 2. Leakage to water 3. Leakage to earth(creating potential gradient) 4. Un-insulated connections 5. No guarding of area 6. No caution notices 7. Guard wires not used 8. Lightning conductor not installed 9. Earthling not proper

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Unsafe acts
Improper PPEs PPEs not being used Use of non insulated tools Use of pliers for pulling of fuses Fuses kept in compartments Tools not suitable for environmental conditions Colour coding,voltage ,technical details not displayed PTW system not followed Casual approach in isolation Over confidence

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards

More than 3 ma
painful shock

More than 10 ma
muscle contraction no-let-go danger

More than 30 ma
lung paralysis- usually temporary

More than 50 ma
possible ventricular fib. (heart dysfunction, usually fatal)

100 ma to 4 amps
certain ventricular fibrillation, fatal Over 4 amps heart paralysis; severe burns. Usually caused by >600 volts

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fundamentals of Electrical Hazards

Human resistance to electrical current
BODY AREA DRY SKIN WET SKIN EAR TO EAR RESISTANCE (OHMS) 100 000 TO 600 000 1000 ABOUT 100

For the same voltage different effects

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Electrical Accidents
Unsafe Equipment

Electrical Accident

Unsafe Environment
Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Unsafe Performance/ practices

Electrical Shock

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Electric shock reasons

Earth resistance too high non use of insulated tools Unsafe machinery Live connection unguarded Non use of PPEs Earth leakage Inductive charge

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Effects of electric shock

Slip Fall Contact with running machineries Burns Partially or full failure of nervous system Full or partial disability Death Fire

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Cost in human terms?

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

EHV

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

ARC FLASH
Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

THE EFFECTS OF CURRENT

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

SS

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

LETHAL EFFECTS
Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Death is Certain

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

TR

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

THERMAL

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

RS

WHAT A PRICE TAG ?

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

KK

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Protection from shock

Limit earth leakage current Automatic cut off supply by ELCBs Isolate supply Use low voltage and or double insulated hand tools Ensure system earthing Ensure use of PPEs Avoid working on live circuits unless essentially required

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Causes of shock
Faulty equipments Overloading of electric sockets O/l of wires and cables Phase barriers not provided Equipment selection not suiting to env. Condition Tracking due to moisture and dust Lizard / rat / snake fault Poor maintenance Protective devices not functioning Over heating due to high contact resistance Over heating due to loose connection Cables / wires loose connection Cables / wires undersize

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety practices for electrical systems

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric shock

Strict compliance to PTW system

Cross checking and confirming isolation before start of work : o proper marking of equipments o Additional breaker service position indication lamps provided at the rear of ht panels.

Ensuring earthing through earth switch and additional earthing at point of work in presence of competent person.

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric shock

Strictly using PPEs like safety shoes, rubber hand gloves etc. Using ISI marked insulated electrical tools Proper checking of the tightness of all power & control circuits Using rubber mats in the MCC rooms (HT & LT) Checking earthing of electrical systems at regular intervals Avoiding temporary wiring and using good insulated and tested wiring Displaying shock treatment chart at working locations.
Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric shock

Only competent person to supervise the job
Strict use of PPEs depending upon the area of work Proper use of tools & tackles

Trimming of trees beneath the transmission lines

Only skilled & trained linesmen deployed to do the job at height

Briefing about system & job safety before start of work.

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric shock

Only competent person with proper job knowledge to take up the job Competent person to take the PTW, confirm the isolation and do the earthing (if required) at working equipment before start of work Competent person to be present at site during execution of job Additional checking by higher authorities

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric shock

Regular tightness checking to avoid loose connections Special emphasis on house keeping Thermo vision scanning of critical equipments at regular intervals Long term planning to replace ageing equipments Measurement of earth resistance at regular intervals Proper earthing of crane to be used in EHV area Chemical spray in switchyard Providing led indications for three phase supply at safe location at EOT crane

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Electrical Fire

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Case studies on electric fire

Fire in wedding pandal at Srirangam, Trichi on 24-104 took about 57 lives including the groom whos body charred beyond recognition. Reason being short circuit due to overloading of circuit connected to videographers halogen lamp of 1000 W.

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Ensure good housekeeping Ensure scheduled maintenance Tightness of connections Closing of doors and compartments Sealing of cable and earth strip entries Use phase barriers Use fire resistant cables Use fire resistant insulating tape Regular operational checks of protective devices Replace worn out parts Check contact resistance

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Review of maintenance procedure Fuse rating as per equipment rating Isolate faulty equipment Training of employees and contract workers on electrical systems and fire fighting Ensure good ventilation Equipment layout Alarm systems are ok

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Do not overload circuits

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Extinguishments of electrical fire

Train employees on elect fire extinguishing Switch off supply Use DCP powder/ CO2 extinguisher Sound alarm

Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

METHOD OF PROTECTION
Isolation Providing barriers, enclosures Keeping bare conductors at heights insulation Insulating live wires Providing rubber mats Using insulated tools Making handles, knob of insulating materials. Grounding Using isolation transformers or double insulated equipment Overcurrent protection. Fuses Circuit breakers Repairs by authorized persons Warning signs. Using low voltage electricity
Safety module: Electrical safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007