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CONTENTS Boiler Fundamental 1-Combustion 2. Boiler & Classification 3.Arrangament of main components Water Circulation System 1-Types of circulation system 2-Nucleate ,film boiling ,ww rifiled tubes 3-Flow Chart 4-Economiser Operation 5-Drum &Drum internals
November 9,2006
Principal of combustion
Fuels :
Gaseous fuel Liquid fuel solid fuel
Heat :
Air :
Less amount of air will cause incomplete combustion Excess amount of air will cause boiler losses
Combustion efficiency:
1. design of boiler 2. fuel used 3. skill in obtaining combustion with minimum amount of air
Boiler :
Boiler is device for generating steam for power, processing, or heating purpose
Classification:
1. Tube contents a .water tube b. fire tube 2.Firing a. tangential b.center
Contd..
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
MAIN COLUMNS: SUPPORTS DRUM, SHs, RH, ECO, APH BURNERS & GALLERIES AT VARIOUS LEVELS AUX COLUMNS: SUPPORTS THE BOILER PLATFORM AND OTHER DUCTS
COMBUSTION & HEAT RECOVERY AREAS FOR PROPER APPROACH STAIRWAYS ARE PROVIDED ON BOTH THE SIDES OF BOILER ALL THE FLOORS ARE COVERED WITH FLOOR GRATINGS FOR WALKWAYS
FURNACE
PROVIDES PROPER INSTTALATION, OPERATION MAINTENANCE OF FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENTS SUFFICIENT VOLUME FOR COMBUSTION
BOILER DRUM
FUNCTIONS:SEPRATES WATER AND STEAM REDUCED DISSOLVED SOLID CONTENTS OF STEAM STORAGE OF WATER
ECONOMISER
LOCATED IN 2ND PASS BELOW LTSH. PREHEATS BFW BEFORE GOING TO DRUM
SUPER HEATERS
LTSH(LOW TEMP. SUPER HEATER) DIVISIONAL PANEL(PANEL SUPERHEATER) PLATEN SUPERHEATER(FINAL)
REHEATERS
HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION & CONVECTION COMPOSED OF FRONT & REAR PENDANT SECTION
AIR PREHEATERS
LOCATED IN FLUE GAS PASS AFTER ECONOMISER
BURNERS
COAL BURNERS OIL BURNERS AUX. AIR SUPPLY DAMPERS O/F AIR DAMPERS BURNER TILT MECHANISM
HEA IGNITORS
PROVIDED WITH ALL OIL BURNERS 4 SPARKS /SEC, 12 J /SPARK,120 V
November 9,2006
R. H
FROM F.R.S BOTTOM RNG HDR& Z-PANEL 1 PASS W.W O/L HDRS
ST
1 PASS W.W
ST
ROOF I/L HEADER 2nd PASS LOWER C-HDRS LTSH O/L HEADER D.P.O/L HEADER R.H.HEADER ECONOMISER
2ND PASS UPPER C-HDR LTSH I/L HEADER D.P.I/L HEADER S.H. HEADER 2
ND
Circulation ratio
The ratio of the weight of water to the weight of steam In mixture leaving the absorption surfaces is called Circulation ratio
Important phenomenon
HPH
ECO
DOWN COMER
BRH
URH
WATER WALL
ECONOMISER OPERATION
Improved efficiency Counter flow arrangement of flue gasses & water Role of soot blowers
WATER WALLS
Tangential arrangement of tubes Nucleate boiling Absorb around 50%heat released by combustion of fuel