EQUIPMENTS USED IN SWITCHYARD

CIRCUIT BREAKER
ISOLATOR INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER LIGHTING ARRESTOR WAVE TRAP EARTHING SWITCHES CAP.VOLTAGE TRANS.

CIRCUT BREAKER:
Physical checks and General Inspections Check that erection work is complete as per relevant drawings and erection completion certificate is available. Compressed air system is commissioned. Check leakages on the breaker at all joints, air tank safety valves, at support insulator mounting control insulator. Check that all auxiliary contacts prove as per the specification.

Trip & make coils healthiness &continuity is checked.

Pressure switch contacts & setting are checked.

All insulator are cleaned & inspect wherever possible functionally check eq.like

HAND VALVES NRV DRAIN PLUGS RECEIVER PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE LOCAL PRESSURE GAUGE &OTHER INDICATOR

Check D.C.supply & A.C.supplies are available. Check heater connections. Check earth strap connections. Fitting of end covers on arc chambers is checked.

TESTING ON CIRCUIT BREAKER

Insulation Resistance(IR) Contact resistance Closing, Opening Time Spring Charging Mechanism checking Closing, opening Coil checking

INSULATION RESISTANCE
1. Insulation Resistance Test: (With breaker Open)
IR Value Terminals R- Phase & Earth Y- Phase & Earth B- Phase & Earth

(With breaker Closed, ES and Isolators Open)

IR Value

Terminals
R- Phase & Earth Y- Phase & Earth B- Phase & Earth

Closing, Opening Time

Close time=25 ms
Opening time=32 ms

Spring Charging Mechanism checking

Contact resistance
Pole 1 Main pole Injected current 99.8 A Contact resistance 35 micro-ohm

Main pole

99.5

30 micro-ohm

Relays & Bus bar

Relay testing procedure depends on type of relay. Generally pickup level & time setting is checked accord. to specifications. Bus bar Contact resistance Increases with joints Value in Micro Ohms IR (With respect to earth) Between different Phases With respect to earth Min res.=(11+1)Mohm for 11kv

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER(CT&PT)

COMMISSIONING CHECKS Check if any damage is apparent on any part of current transformer. Check for tightness of bolts clamps &see that the terminals etc are OK. Check earth connections are proper. Check earth level is up to mark no oil leakage is visible. Test oil for dielectric strength. Check for any strains, if there on the grading ring.

TEST ON INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER Insulation resistance test Winding resistance test

Polarity test
Ratio test Knee point checking (for PS Class CTs only) Magnetization characteristic

Knee point checking (for PS s CTs only)

CAPCITANCE & TAN DELTA test

Ic I Ir Vc

Ic = I cos Dielectric loss Pc = VI cos =VI Sin =VIr =VIc tan as tan = Ir/Ic =Vwc tan is called loss angle, tan should be as low as possible. Tan delta measurement Test: by automatic tan delta measurement kit

Vector group test

For conducting this test the R-phase pri. and the rphase sec.windings are shorted. The neutral of the earth connection is removed(in the case of star winding).Three phase 415v is applied to the primary winding and the voltage are Measured between all the primary and secondary windings. R,Y and B are HV terminals and r, y ,b and n are LV terminals. For Dyn1 1) Yy < Yb 2) Bb = By 3) Rb = Ry 4) RB = Rn + nB

MAGNETIC CORE BALANCE TEST

Magnetic balance test is done to ensure that when voltage is applied on one phase, remaining two are properly magnetized. It is done to check whether the voltage applied on one phase is able to induce voltage in the other two phases.

Procedure. It is conducted by applying single phase voltage in each of the phases of the primary winding, in case of star connected primary or two phase voltage in case of the delta connection and measuring voltage in the remaining phases. The sum of the induced voltage in the remaining two phases will be approximately equal to the applied voltage. The transformer neutral should be disconnected from the ground during the test.

Insulation resistance test

The insulation resistance measurements are conducted with a megger.The choice of megger (500v-5000v) is based on the voltage level of the equipments.Megger has a line and earth terminal which are connected to the terminals of the equipment/equipment and earth. Reading is noted only after the needle remains constant at a certain value.For insulation with high capacitance (cable,transformer windings) the megger will read zero initially for some time, gradually rise and then remain constant at a certain value..