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GENERATOR & TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT BY K JACOB JOSE

CLASSES OF PROTECTION
CLASS A1 CLASS A2 CLASS B CLASS C

GROUPS OF PROTECTION
Group-1 Group-2
DC source 1 from 1/2 FA section-1 DC source 2 from 1/2 FA section-2

In case of any DC supply failure in GRP

inform Electrical Maintenance immediately

CLASS A1
CAUSES OF CLASS A1 1. GT & UT PROTECTIONS 2. GENERATOR BACKUP PROTECTION 3. OTHER BACKUP PROTECTIONS

CLASS A1 CAUSES TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS

TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS-MECHANICAL

PRV BUCHHOLZ RELAY SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY FIRE PROTECTION UT OLTC SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY

Note: UT A/B WTI/OTI will trip the corresponding incomer from the transformer and change over to Standby Trf.

CLASS A1 CAUSES TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS

TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS-ELECTRICAL

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION(GT/UT) 87GT/87UT GT HV WINDING + O/H LINE DIFFERENTIAL-87HV RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT (UTs only)87NUT A/B STANDBY EARTH FAULT (GT only)-51NGT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (UTs only)-51UT A/B BACKUP EARTH FAULT (UTs only)-51 NUT A/B GT OVERFLUXING 99GT EARTH FAULT BEYOND GCB 64GT GT + O/H LINE DIFFERENTIAL 87TL

CLASS A1 CAUSES BACKUP PROTECTIONS FOR GENERATOR

BACKUP PROTECTIONS FOR GENERATOR

GENERATOR LBB (For GCB) 50GLBB GENERATOR BACKUP IMPEDANCE 21G DEAD MACHINE RELAY 50GDM

CLASS A1 CAUSES OTHER BACKUP PROTECTIONS

SWITCHYARD TEE DIFFERENTIAL
87TTIGX/87TT2GX

400 KV BREAKER LBB X52Z

(8-52/9-52/13-52/14-52)

400KV BREAKER POLE DISCREPENCY -X52PDX

(8-52/9-52/13-52/14-52) DEFEATED

CLASS A1 - ACTIONS
CLASS A1 CAUSES TRIPPING OF

BOTH 400KV BREAKERS OF THE UNIT GCB FIELD BREAKER STEAM TURBINE UNIT TRANSFORMER INCOMERS BA/BB

CLASS A2 - CAUSES
GENERATOR PROTECTIONS

DIFFERENTIAL 87G1/87G2 OVERVOLTAGE 59G1 95% EARTH FAULT -64G1 INTERTURN FAULT 64GIT OVERFLUXING 99G NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE 46G LOW FORWARD POWER 30sec 37G1/2 .. Contd.

CLASS A2 - CAUSES
GENERATOR PROTECTIONS

POLE SLIPPING 98G FIELD FAILURE 40 G1/2

..contd.

CLASS A2 - CAUSES
SIEMENS MULTIFUNCTION RELAY 96G

100% STATOR EARTH FAULT ROTOR EARTH FAULT OVER VOLTAGE

CLASS A2 - ACTIONS
CLASS A2 CAUSES TRIPPING OF

GCB FIELD BREAKER STEAM TURBINE UT INCOMER (if both 400kV breakers are
in tripped condition)

CLASS B PROTECTION
CLASS B GENERATOR TRIP FROM TURBINE TRIP THIS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH LOW FORWARD POWER RELAY 2 SEC DELAY- 37 G1/2 NEED FOR CLASS B TRIP PROTECTION OF TURBINE FROM OVERHEATING

CLASS B - ACTIONS
CLASS B CAUSES TRIPPING OF THE FOLLOWING

GCB FIELD BREAKER

(i.e. GT & UT will still be in charged condition from 400kV side GRID)

CLASS C PROTECTION - CAUSES

CLASS C IS CAUSED ONLY BY

UNDERFREQUENCY- 81G/96G
(GRID COLLAPSE) Presently connected to Class B at 45Hz.

CLASS C PROTECTION - ACTIONS

CLASS C CAUSES TRIPPING OF

BOTH 400KV BREAKERS

(i.e. Unit will come on house load)

ACTIONS IF CLASS A1 TRIP OCCURS

THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS ARE NECESSARY

Restore unit supply if auto changeover

from standby trf. does not take place Ensure DG set availability Inform Electrical Maintenance

ACTIONS IF CLASS A2 OCCURS

THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS ARE NECESSAY

Ensure unit supplies are healthy Inform Electrical Maintenance

CLASS A2 LOW FORWARD RELAY

THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OCCURS

CLASS A2 TRIP TRIP TO STEAM

TURBINE AFTER TRUBINE TRIP CLASS B

CLASS A2 LOW FORWARD RELAY RESTARTING

THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF EVENTS MUST BE FOLLOWED

RESET BOTH CLASS A2 TRIP RELAYS RESET STEAM TURBINE TRIP RESET BOTH CLASS B TRIP RELAYS SYNCHRONISE USNIG GCB

Note: Reset trip relays only when starting to roll

CLASS B TRIP - RESTARTING

THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED

RESET STEAM TURBINE RESET BOTH CLASS B TRIP RELAYS SYNCHRONISE UNING GCB

Note: Reset trip relays only when starting to roll

CLASS C TRIP - ACTIONS

Ensure unit has come on HOUSE LOAD
and stabilized Ensure availability of DG set Inform Electrical Maintenance

CLASS C - RESTARTING
THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED

Energise 400KV switchyard After getting concurrence from SRLDC

synchronise the unit using 400KV breakers

STARTUP/TRIPPING RELAYRESETTING
Just before rolling only, reset the trip
relays After excitation, in case any of the fuse fail relays/50GDM flag has fallen reset them After synchronisation, see that no relays have acted. If the Low forward power relay LED has come, it should be reset.

THANKYOU

QUESTIONS PLEASE