Auto - Reclosing

Benefits Of Auto - Reclosing

Minimizing the interruption of supply Maintenance of system stability and Synchronism Minimum Outage and least expenditure of manpower Ability to run substation unattended

Type Of Faults

Transient Fault Semi Permanent fault Permanent Fault

Auto reclose Scheme for Transient Fault

Auto reclose Scheme for Permanent Fault

Auto reclose on EHV Transmission Line

FACTORS CONSIDERED IN HIGH SPEED AUTO RECLOSING ON EHV SYSTEMS

Protection Characteristics De- Ionization of Fault Arc Circuit Breaker Characteristics Reclaim Time Number of Shots

De- Ionization of Fault Arc

In single Pole switching De- Ionization time required is more

SINGLE PHASE AUTO RECLOSING

Maintenance of System Integrity Reduced switching overvoltage due to reclosing Reduced shock to generators. Sudden changes in mechanical output are less

DISADVANTAGE
Longer De ionization time

Delayed Auto-Reclose Application

1. Densely interconnected systems.

Where the Loss of a single line is unlikely to cause loss of synchronism between two ends

2.

Dead Time is allowed to be long enough for any power swings due to fault and tripping allowed to decay before reclosing a) Less shock to system than with high speed A/R b) Problems of arc de ionization times, and circuit breaker operating charactersitics are eliminated

Delayed Auto- Reclosing

Protection
High speed not critical for system stability desirable to limit fault damage

improves probability of successful A/R

Dead Time
Allow for power swings and rotor oscillations to die down.
Different settings for opposite feeder ends. Typically 5 to 60 secs.

Scheme Operation

Live bus/ Dead Line Charging Other end closing under synchronism check relay Live Bus/ Live line charging

Synchronism check relay

Phase Angle Difference
20 45 if exceed it waits to lie within the range

Voltage
under voltage/differential voltage

Rate of change of Frequency

frequency difference check either by direct measurement or by using timer in conjunction

Operating feature of Auto reclosing schemes

Initiation Dead Timer Anti Pumping Devices Reclaim timer CB Lockout Manual Closing Multi Shot Scheme

Auto-isolation - Single Switch Substation

Transient Fault - Line 1
103 Line 1

120

203

Line 2 113
T1 213 T2

120/G1/Remote Open 120/Remote Reclose T1 Energised G1 Close After Time Delay 120/Remote Opens Again 103 Opens Automatically 120 Closes Followed By G1 T1/T2 Fed From Line 2

Persistent Line Fault

G1

G2

Transformer Fault
120/G1/Remote Trip 113 Auto Opens G1 Lock Out 120/Remote Reclose

4 Switch Mesh Corner

Transient Line Fault
G1

LV CB

120/420/G1 Trip 120 Dead Line Charge 420 Check Sync G1 Check Sync If Req.
Persistent Line Fault

113 Line 1 103

420

120

HV Mesh CB

120 Re-trips 103 Auto Isolation 120/420/G1 Seq. Close

Transformer Fault

120/420/G1 Trip 113 Auto Isolation 120/420 Sequence Close G1 Locked Out

4 Switch Mesh Corner

G1

LV CB Transient Mesh Corner Fault

113

Line 1

103

420

120/420/G1 Trip Reclose In Sequence

Persistent Mesh Corner Fault

120

HV Mesh CB

120 Re Trip All CB`s Lockout 103 Auto Isolation

Auto - Reclose Blocking

Receipt of transfer Trip Manual Trip Breaker failure Three phase Fault Faults On Buses Under frequency/ Under voltage load shedding trips

Thank you