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America Moves Towards War

Roosevelt Asks Congress for Aid


Cash and Carry

&

The Axis is Formed


The Tripartite Pact The Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan

Aim of the Tripartite Pact


To keep the US out of the war!

Rebuilding American Defenses


Selected Service Act
16 million men between 21-35 required to register 1 million drafted in first peace-time draft for 1 year.

Nation dramatically increases defense spending in 1940.

Roosevelt Runs for Re-Election


Runs for third term against Wendell Willkie

I have seen war, and I hate war.

Election Results, 1940

Arsenal of Democracy
Lend-Lease Plan
Britain had no cash left Any country whose defense was vital to the United States. Lend-Lease Act - Passed 1941
Grew to spend over $50 billion Arms leased to both Great Britain and the Soviet Union

Aid short of War


500,000 rifles 80,000 machine guns US trades 50 old destroyers for leases on British military bases in the Caribbean and Newfoundland.
A decidedly unneutral act.

German U-Boat Attacks


Wolf Packs

German U-Boat Attacks


Germans tried to strangle Britain by cutting off supplies to the island from the Empire. German U-Boats destroy shipping faster than the British could build ships.

German U-Boat Attacks


In response to the unprecedented level of UBoat attacks, President Roosevelt orders US to guard shipments as far east as Iceland. US Ships could fire on U-Boats in self-defense

Germany Invades the Soviet Union

Germany Invades the Soviet Union


Hitler views the Soviet Union as the great bastion of Communism and Jews both needed to be exterminated. Lebensraum Living Space

Germany Invades the Soviet Union

Planning for War


US extends the Draft by 18 mos. By a vote of 203/202 The Atlantic Charter a statement of the aims of the war aims of the Allies.

The Atlantic Charter


1. Seek no territorial expansion 2. Pursue no territorial changes without the consent of the inhabitants. 3. Respect the right of people to choose their own form of government 4. Promote free trade among nations 5. Encourage international cooperation to improve peoples lives. 6. Build a secure peace based on freedom and want of fear. 7. Work for disarmament of aggressors 8. Establish a permanent system of general security.

US is attacked
US Destroyer Greer none dead US Destroyer Kearny 11 sailors dead US Destroyer Rueben James 100 sailors dead
When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike, you do not wait until he has struck you before you crush him. These NAZI submarines are the rattlesnakes of the Atlantic.

Roosevelt orders Navy to Shoot on sight

Japan Extends its Empire


Japans vision for empire brought it into conflict with the:
Dutch, British, French, Chinese, and the US.

China invaded 1931 and 1937 French Indochina invaded (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.)

Japan Extends its Empire


The US Responded to this aggression by cutting off trade with Japan. Japan did not have oil reserves their expansion required oil, they could not survive without it. Either the US ends its embargo, or the Japanese invade the Dutch East Indies to get their own.

Japan Extends its Empire


Hideki Tojo comes to power as Prime Minister

Japan Extends its Empire


Emperor Hirohito

Japan Extends its Empire


Admiral Isuroko Yamamoto

Japan and US engage in Peace Talks


Tojo promised the Emperor that he would make every effort to make a final attempt to preserve the peace with America. November 5, 1941
Tojo sends special peace envoys to Washington. Tojo instructs his Admirals to prepare plans to attack the US.

Peace Talks
America had decrypted the Japanese army secret codes
We knew the Japanese were planning to attack us; what we didnt know was WHERE??? US wanted to have Japan commit the first overt act.

Where will they attack?

Peace Talks Break Down


December 6, 1941
Japan sends a communiqu to its diplomats to end peace negotiations President is notified; President predicts war is around the corner.

December 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy Japan attacks on an early Sunday morning at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (Pacific Fleet Headquarters)
Nearly the entire US Pacific Fleet was incapacitated or destroyed; the Japanese lost 29 planes.

Cost of the attack:


18 ships sunk or destroyed 350 planes destroyed or severely damaged 2,400 dead, 1178 wounded Largest naval loss since WWI

Isolationist Sentiment
The only thing left now to do is to lick the hell out of them.

I have awoken a sleeping giant. Said after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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