EE - 213 Electronics I 3-0

Lec Tamkeen Bhatty

Sedra/Smith Microelectronic Circuits Fifth Edition

Text Book

Text Book:
Microelectronic

Circuits, 5th Ed., by

Sedra/Smith, Oxford University Press, 1997

Reference Book:
Microelectronics,

2nd Ed., by Millman & Grabel,

MacGraw Hill. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory, 5th Ed., by R. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky, 1992.

Topics

The ideal Op Amp Inverting configuration and its applications Non-inverting configuration, examples of Op Amp circuits Diodes, terminal characteristics of junction diodes Physical operation of diodes Analysis of diode circuit, small signal model and its applications Zener diodes, rectifier circuits, limiting and clamping circuits Structure and principle of operation of enhancement and depletion type MOSFETs, and JFET Basic configurations of IC MOS amplifiers MOSFET analog switch MOSFET high frequency model Physical structure and principle of operation of bipolar Transistors Analysis of transistor circuits at DC Small signal equivalent circuit models of BJT BJT large signal model BJT logic inverter

Introduction to Electronics

1 lecture

Operational Amplifiers
The ideal Op Amp Inverting configuration and its applications Non-inverting configuration, examples of Op Amp circuits

3 Weeks
6

Diodes
The ideal Op Amp Inverting configuration and its applications Non-inverting configuration, examples of Op Amp circuits

3 Weeks

MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)

Structure and principle of operation of enhancement and depletion type MOSFETs, and JFET Basic configurations of IC MOS amplifiers MOSFET analog switch MOSFET high frequency model
8

5 Weeks

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)

Physical structure and principle of operation of bipolar Analysis of transistor circuits at DC Small signal equivalent circuit models of BJT BJT large signal model BJT logic inverter

5 Weeks
9

Examinations
Quizzes Sessional End Semester

10-15% 35-40% 50%

No repeat /Make Up for Quiz Quiz everyday (start, mid, or end)

Introduction
Disciplines
Electrical Engineering

Charge/Electric Field, Voltage/Current, Energy/Power Conductors Copper, Silver Resistor/Capacitor/Inductor

Electronics Engineering

Drift (Diffusion) Current Semi-conductors Silicon, Germanium Diode/Transistors/MOSFET/CMOS/FET

Electrical Engineering
EE is the field deals with the generation, distribution, control and application of electrical power. It is branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication.

Introduction

Electronics :
Electronics

is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum or in a semiconductor.
ability to control electron flow is usually applied to information handling or device control.

The

Brief History Of Electronics

The invention of vacuum tube brought in the age of electronics. The history of electronics is a story of the twentieth century and three key componentsthe vacuum tube, the transistor, and the integrated circuit. In 1883, Thomas Alva Edison discovered that electrons will flow from one metal conductor to another through a vacuum. This discovery of conduction became known as the Edison effect. In 1904, John Fleming applied the Edison effect in inventing a two-element electron tube called a diode, and Lee De Forest followed in 1906 with the threeelement tube, the triode. These vacuum tubes were the devices that made manipulation of electrical energy possible so it could be amplified and transmitted.

Electronics Concept

Components

Introduction

Sources

Voltage/Current Sources

Independent/Dependent

Electric Signals

Analog/Digital Signals DC/AC/Time Varying/Periodic Signals

Element Laws/Connection Laws

Ohms Law & Kirchhoffs Laws Voltage Divider & Current Divider Circuits

Techniques of Circuit Analysis

Nodes/Branches/Loops/Meshes Source Transformations /Superposition

Signals

Signals contain information about a variety of things and activities in our physical world. The information content of the signal is represented by the changes in its magnitude as time progresses; that is the information contained in the wiggles in the waveform.

Figure An arbitrary voltage signal vs(t).

Electric Signal (Voltage & Current)

Role

Conversion Transmission Utilization

Energy

Use

Represent Amplified Manipulate/Process Transmit Store

Information (Signal)

Electric Signal

Types

Attributes

DC (Constant)

DC Power Supplies

Time Varying Signals

Max / Peak Value Peak to Peak Value Frequency Duty Cycle

Impulse Step Pulse Pulse train (Square Wave) Sine wave Rectangular waveform Triangle Saw-tooth

Circuits Configuration

Branches

Each circuit element constitutes a Branch Branch Current (Direction) / Voltage (Polarity)

Nodes

Two or more elements have a common connection. Simple Node (ONLY Two leads converge to a node) Nodes are connected with un-interrupted wire Node Potential / Current Label the Nodes Reference / Common Node Largest number of connections (Zero Potential or earth-ground)

Circuits Configuration

Branch Voltage
Node Voltage

vR , vC

v AB v A vB vBA vB v A

vB Node B voltage wrt common (ground) Node

Loops & Meshes

Loop

A close path such that no node is traversed more than once.

Mesh

A loop that contains no other loop

Series & Parallel Circuits

Series Circuits
Two

or more elements connected such that same current flows through each element. Two elements must share a simple node.

Parallel Circuit

Two or more elements connected such that they are subjected to same voltage. Elements must share the pair of nodes

Voltage / Current Sources

A Voltage source maintains a prescribed voltage regardless of the load current. Unequal Voltage Sources can be connected in series but must never be connected in parallel.
A current source maintains a prescribed current regardless of the load voltage. Unequal current Sources can be connected in parallel but must never be connected in series.

Independent Sources

DC Voltage DC Current

AC Voltage

AC Current Battery

Dependent Sources
kvvx VCVS kiix CCCS

kv i x

kivx

CCVS

VCCS

Circuit Laws
Element Laws Relates the terminal voltage and current of individual element --- Ohms Law, Capacitance Law, Inductance Law

v i R
i (t ) C dv(t ) dt v(t ) L

Kirchhoffs Laws

di(t ) dt

Relates the voltages and currents shared at the interconnections Kirchhoffs Current and Voltage Laws.

Kirchhoffs Current Laws (KCL)

The algebraic sum of the current entering any node is zero At any instant, the sum of all currents entering a node must equal the sum of all currents leaving that node

iin iout
n n

Kirchhoffs Voltage Laws (KVL)

The algebraic sum of the voltages around any closed path is zero At any instant, the sum of all voltage rises around a loop must equal the sum of all voltage drops around that loop

vdrop irise
l l

Power Conservation

The sum of all absorbed powers, at any instant, equal the sum of all released powers

pabsorbed preleased

Circuit Analysis

Series or parallel impedance reduction Voltage or current divider formula Node or Loop methods Thevenin or Norton reductions

Notation Summarized
Notation
Instantaneous Total Value (DC + AC) Quiescent Value (DC) Instantaneous Value of varying component (AC) Effective Value of varying components Supply Voltage (Magnitude)

Base (collector) Voltage with respect to Emitter

Base (collector) Current toward electrode from external circuit

vB (vC) VB (VC)
vb (vc) Vb (Vc)
VBB (VCC)

iB (iC) IB (IC)
ib (ic) Ib (Ic)

Introduction

Natural Response of Circuits

Transient

Response Steady State Response

Domains
Time

Domain Physical Frequency Domain (j) Complex Frequency Domain (s)

Laplace Transform

Introduction

Practical Voltage/Current Sources

Maintains

its rating Internal resistance Loading Effects

Equivalent Resistance
Series

/Parallel Reduction or by inspection Test Source with dependent source

Apply a test source by suppressing independent sources

Suppressing Sources

The End!