ACTIVE versus PASSIVE Re-visited

Why and when do we use it?

1. When we dont know who does an action or when the doer of an action is not important. A simple telescope was invented by the Dutch. 2. Intransitive verbs are not used in Passive. Intransitive Verbs that do not take objects OCCUR, HAPPEN, DIE, EXIST, COLLAPSE Active (A strong earthquake occured in Japan two months in March.)

Transformation
Active:
Italians later developed several telescopes.
Subject Verb Object

Passive:
Several telescopes were later developed by the Italians.
Object Verb

Present Continuous (am/is/are doing am/is/are BEING DONE) Active: The sudents are revising the Passive

structure.
Passive:

The Passive structure is being revised by students.

Simple Present (Do/Does am/is/are DONE)

Active:

Some pschologists define intelligence as ones capacity to cope with challenges in life.
Passive:

Intelligence is defined (by some psychologists) as ones capacity to cope with challenges in life.

Present Perfect Tense (Have/Has done Have/Has Been Done Active: We have just practiced some words for the reading input. Passive: Some words for the reading input have just been practiced.

Simple Past (Did was/were DONE)

Active:

A strong earthquake devastated many buildings in Japan last year.

Passive:

Many buildings were devastated by a strong earthquake in Japan last year.

Past Contiuous (was/were doing was/were being done) Active: We were using Walkman to listen to mobile music in the 1990s. Passive: Walkman was being used to listen to mobile music in the 1990s.

Past Perfect (Had done Had been done)

Active: Edison had conducted many experiments before he invented the light bulb. Passive: Many experiments had been conducted by Edison

Modals (can, might, may, will, have to, must, should, could MODAL+BE DONE Active: Passangers must switch off their mobile phones before the plane takes off. Passive: Mobile phones must be switched off before the plane takes off.

Phrases that are used in Passive form

To be based on (e.g. The movie is based on a true life story.) To be composed of = to be made up of (The test is composed of three components.) To be involved in = She is involved in a difficult situation To be known for = He is known for his great sense of humour. To be made from= The jam is made from orange. To be used for = Today IQ tests are used for measuing mental capabilities of a person.) To be located/situated in = SU is located in Orhanl, Tuzla.

Exercise
(Active-Passive) Complete the following passage on the exploration of the moon with active or passive past tense forms of the verbs in parantheses. During the 1960s, the first spaceships ____________(send) to the moon. These American spaceships ___________ (call) Rangers.Each spaceship _________ (carry) six cameras.Each ship __________ (design) to send back pictures to Earth just before it _________ (crash) on the moon. The first six missions __________ (end) in failure. Finally, a Ranger _________ (reach) its goal in 1963. People on Earth _________ (watch) the first live TV pictures from the moon. Between July of 1964 and March of 1965. 17,000 pictures of the lunar surface ________ (send) back to Earth. From 1966 and 1968, ten spaceships ________ (launch) to land on the moon or to orbit it.Then on July 20, 1969, humans _________ (touch) the moon the first time. On that historic day, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin ________ (walk) on the lunar surface. Between December 1968 and December of 1972, twenty-four people ________ (send) to the moon Twelve actually _________ (walk) on the moons surface.