Single European Sky

Technical Seminar

Presented by Amalendu panda 1ST Year MCA CENTER FOR IT EDUCATION

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CONTENTS
-> What is ATC ? -> How ATC works ? -> About Airspace. -> Flight profile and preflight. -> Ground control. -> Departure control. -> En Route and Descent. -> Radar hand off control. -> Approach. -> Landing control -> Air traffic control problems

Single European Sky What is ATC ? Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. A controller's primary task is to separate certain aircraft to prevent them from coming too close to each other by use of lateral, vertical and longitudinal separation. Secondary tasks include ensuring safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic and providing information to pilots, such as weather, navigation information and NOTAMs.e for the region is normally used.

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Workshop Ljubljana

February 2005

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Situation of ATM in Europe Background Institutional set-up

SES-Implementation

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Situation of ATM in Europe

European airspace is fragmented according to national borders rather than traffic flows.
More than 60 Area Control Centres in Europe in 2003.

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Situation of ATM in Europe

Sectors and routes are designed according to national borders rather than traffic flows.

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Situation of ATM in Europe

Traffic is still expected to grow, and even to double between 1997 and 2020.

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Situation of ATM in Europe

Congestion leads to sub optimal trajectories.

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Situation of ATM in Europe

The busiest routes have to avoid military areas.

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Situation of ATM in Europe
Military areas are located in the core area of Europe.

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Background

The European Commission, Vice President Ms de Palacio, launched the initiative in 1999. Main principles:
Reduce fragmentation between: the airspace of Member States. Civil and Military providers and users. Systems. Introduce new technology create synergy EU Eurocontrol

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Background
Dec 1999: Communication from the Commission. Jan - Dec 2000: High Level Group.

End 2001: Commission presents 4 legislative proposals.

Dec 2003: European Parliament and Council agree on regulations by co-decision.

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Background
20 April 2004: Entry into force of 4 Regulations of the European Parliament and the Council: No 549/2004: Framework No 550/2004: Service Provision No 551/2004: Airspace No 552/2004: Interoperability

Publication in the Official Journal of the European Union in edition L 96 of 31 March 2004, see:
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/archive/2004/l_09620040331en.html

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Institutional Set-up

Single Sky committee

Industry consultation body

Co-operation with Eurocontrol

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Single Sky Committee The Single Sky Committee assists the Commission 2 representatives per Member State (civil & military representation) Observers: Eurocontrol, European countries with aviation agreements (CH, NO, IS) chaired by the Commission

Decision making process: consultative (simple majority of MS) regulatory (qualified majority of MS, 2/3 of weighted votes)

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Single Sky Committee (2) Functions of the Committee: Provide opinion on draft Commission implementing rules (regulations/directives/decisions) Provide opinion on draft mandates to Eurocontrol Policy guidance (SESAME) (if needed) coordination of Community position within Eurocontrol (in the future) address problems in connection with FABs 5 meetings so far, the next one in March 2005

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Industry Consultation Body
Established by SES-regulation in order to provide Commission with advice by all stakeholders; members: 4 ATSP (CANSO) 4 Manufacturing Industry (ASD formerly AECMA) 2 Airports (ACI) 5 Professional staff associations (Joint ATM Working Group (4), ECA/IFALPA (1)) 8 Airspace Users (IATA, AEA (2), IACA, ERA, ELFAA, EBAA, IAOPA) 2 CNS Service Providers (COM (1), NAV (1)) 1 Meteorological Service Providers (Aviation Meteorology Group)

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Industry Consultation Body (2)
Observers: 1 Eurocontrol 2 Non-European Interests (FAA and AIA) 1 Military (CMIC) 1 Research Establishments (EATRADA) Chair: Fritz Feitl (Ex-CEO of Tyrolean Airlines) Vice-Chair: Colin Chisholm (NATS/UK) 3 meetings so far, next meeting in March 2005 current subjects of interest: SESAME, interoperability ICB to express expectations on new technology, timetable, priorities, orientation for research

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Eurocontrol The European Community has become a member of Eurocontrol besides the (presently 22) MS, relations with Eurocontrol are area of shared national and Community competence.
Memorandum of Cooperation of December 2003 between the European Commission and Eurocontrol organises cooperation in the domain of Single Sky, Research, Statistics and GNSS Through mandates Eurocontrol contributes to the implementation of the Single Sky.

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Mandates to Eurocontrol charging regime: draft IR transmitted in OCT 2004 airspace design: draft IR transmitted in JAN 2005 Flexible use of airspace: draft IR transmitted in JAN 2005 Functional airspace block: report under preparation Interoperability: Coordination and Transfer between ATS-units: draft IR under preparation (expected in Spring) Interoperability: Flight Message Transfer Protocol: draft IR under preparation (expected in Spring) Interoperability: Initial Flight Plan: draft IR under preparation (expected in Spring) new mandates to be issued during 2005

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Implementation
European upper information region (EUIR)

Functional airspace blocks (FAB)

Flexible use of airspace (FUA) National Supervisory Authorities (NSA)/Designation

(certification ANSP)
ATCO-licence Interoperability SESAME Extension to 3rd countries

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - EUIR

Establishment of an European Upper Information Region (EUIR) by merging all UIRs controlled by European Member States above FL 285 and within the EUR and AFI ICAO regions. Shall be negotiated and agreed within ICAO. Possibility to extend to airspace outside the EUR and AFI ICAO regions (choice of MS).

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - EUIR

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB

Establishment of Functional Airspace Blocks (FAB) in the upper (and possibly lower) airspace. Objectives:
Reduce fragmentation, Take into account traffic flows and not national borders, Increase co-operation, Increase harmonisation, Provide efficiency gains.

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB
MS to develop FABs according to:
safety case; optimum use of airspace, taking into account air traffic flows; overall added value, including optimal use of technical and human resources, on the basis of cost-benefit analyses; ensure a fluent and flexible transfer of responsibility for ATC; ensure compatibility between upper and lower airspace; comply with regional agreements concluded within ICAO; respect regional agreements, in particular those involving European third countries.

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB

Bottom-up approach:
MS are fully responsible to initiate and set-up FABs, FABs can include all or parts of a States Airspace, For multinational FABs, all States involved must agree on the respective FAB,

No single blueprint for FABs, we expect different models to be implemented. But, these FABs shall meet the 7 general criteria of the regulation.

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB

Based on the experience of States/ANSPs when setting up FABs, the Commission will develop binding general principles for establishment and modification of FABs; The extension of FABs to lower airspace (below FL 285) will be studied by the Commission before the end of 2006; The Commission will review the functioning of the bottom-up approach by early 2009 and propose additional measures, if necessary.

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB

On-going initiatives: MUAC CEATS NUAC Skane (DK/SW) lower airspace UK/IRL FR/CH (includes lower airspace) EMAC (Eastern Mediterranean)

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Reorganisation of the Airspace - FUA

Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA):

Support civil/military co-operation within FABs and between different FABs, Establishment of mandatory rules and criteria for application of FUA, Harmonization of conditions of access and freedom of movement within the airspace. Civil military coordination in airspace management and air traffic management. Regional/cross-border application of FUA.

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NSA

Establishment or nomination of National Supervisory Authorities since 20 April 2004. Requirements:

(At least) functional separation from ANSP. Impartiality and transparency Capabilities:
Technical expertise, Sufficient manpower, Sufficient financial resources.

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NSA

NSA need to co-operate. They can be established at regional level. Tasks:

Certification of ANSPs, Compliance monitoring, (poss.) role in designation process safeguarding role re declarations of conformity/suitability/verification under interoperability regulation .

Future: which role for EASA?

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Designation
Air Traffic Services (& MET services) remain in a monopoly situation, to be designated by MS, but not necessarily local provider! For Functional Airspace Blocks => joint designation Designation allows imposition of specific rights and obligations to reflect local specification Counterpart to monopoly is emphasis on performance review, benchmarking and best practices

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ATCO-licence
Commission proposal of July 2004 for a Community licence directive currently under discussion in the European Parliament and in the Council of Ministers. Adoption foreseen in 2005. Main features: 1 Increase safety through high-level harmonisation of competence standards 2. Strengthen the institutional set-up, including certification + supervision of training providers by national authorities 3. Contribute to a more flexible organisation of the workforce, enabler for FABs

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Interoperability

Objective and scope:

Interoperability between the different systems, their constituents and associated procedures of the European ATM network, Coordinated introduction of new agreed and validated concepts of operations or technology.

Three different tools:

Essential requirements. Implementing rules. Community specifications.

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Interoperability

Essential requirements:
Seamless operation, Safety, Civil-military coordination, Support of new concepts of operation, Environmental constraints, Principles governing the logical architecture, Principles governing the construction of systems.

Essential requirements are compulsory (Annex II of interoperability regulation).

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Interoperability

Implementing rules:
Shall determine any specific requirement that complements or refine the Essential Requirements, Shall also describe the coordinated introduction of new, agreed and validated concepts of operation or technology.

Implementing rules are compulsory (prepared by Eurocontrol and adopted by EU-Commission).

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Interoperability

Community specifications are means of compliance

European Standards
(drawn up by CEN/CENELEC/ETSI in cooperation with EUROCAE)

or Eurocontrol specification
(for operational coordination)

(Systems, procedures and constituents which meet Community specifications are presumed compliant with mandatory rules)

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SESAME

The Single European Sky Implementation Programme to modernise ATC infrastructure. Combine technological, economic and regulatory aspects. Synchronise the implementation of new equipment (at least) in the EU by ensuring that airborne equipment is consistent with ground technology. Initialised by ATM equipment manufacturers, it is now supported by the whole air transport community.

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Why SESAME?

Traffic will more than double by 2025!

IFR Flights Per Year in ESRA (Million)

25 Actual 20 Scenario A Scenario B 15 Scenario C Scenario D

At least the same for ATM capacity! Possible with current operating principles?

10

0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

?
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

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SESAME Definition phase

Definition phase launched, will run up to 2007 Co-funded by the European Commission under Trans European networks and by Eurocontrol Run under Eurocontrols operational responsibility. Deliverable: ATM Master Plan for 2020, which will define a common goal and vision for the development of the European air traffic control infrastructure.

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SESAME Definition phase
European Commission

Cost: 60 Mio
EUROCONTROL Agency

200 persons full time for 2 years

Consortium
CoContractor

Prime Contractor

CoContractor

SubContractor

SubContractor

SubContractor

SubContractor

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SESAME Implementation phase
2005 2010 2015 2020

Industrialisation

Deployment

Definition

Foundation
Deployment

Applied R&D Industrialisation Applied R&D Industrialisation

Phase Innovative R&D

SES Deployment
Applied R&D
Deployment Industrialisation

Collaborative High Performance ATM

2005 2010 2015 2020

Accompanying technical/operational solutions with regulatory instruments

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Relations with third countries
The full potential of the SES (seamless operation) will only be reached by enlarging its scope The Community shall aim at and support the extension of the SES to countries which are not members of the EU. To that end, it shall endeavour, either within the framework of agreements concluded with neighbouring third countries, or within the context of Eurocontrol, to extend the scope of this Regulation to those countries.

(Article 7 of the Framework regulation)

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Relations with third countries
CH, NO and IS have agreements with EU and are going to take over SES During 2005, the Commission intends to complete negotiations on a multilateral European Common Aviation Agreement (ECAA) with Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYROM, Serbia and Montenegro (UNMIK/Kosovo), Romania. Through this agreement the SES-regulations should be extended to this region

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Which opportunities ?

better co-operation between ANSPs, regulators, civil and military providers; improved relations between airspace users and service providers; improve safety, performance and efficiency levels; create required future capacity at reasonable costs; share airspace as a common resource disregarding national boundaries.