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GROUP TEN

HUMAN EXCRETA MANAGEMENT IN KUMASI

OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTATION


Introduction

The

problem Literature on how others have solved the problem Attempts to solve the problem Recommendation Conclusion References

INTRODUCTION
Operational definition of terms Human is a child, man or woman of the species of the Homo sapiens

Excreta are substances that are eliminated from the human body as a result of metabolism. For example: faeces and urine Management is the act of handling or controlling something successful

Sludge is a thick, soft, wet mud or a similar substance which can be a dirty oil or an industrial waste

INTRODUCTION CONT

Poor excreta management is a major cause of many diseases in Kumasi. In Ghana, about 80% of all OPD cases are water and sanitation related (Ghana Statistical Services) of which enteric fever and diarrhoeal diseases are inclusive. Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly landfill with faecal treatment plant has been established for liquid and solid waste management.

It is located at Oti in Dompoase, near Kaase in Kumasi where faecal sludge services have been effectively implanted to take care of human waste and its management. Hence, reducing the transmission of infections(water and sanitation related)

INTRODUCTION CONT

Public toilets are built at places of heavy public activity to create convenience. According to KMA by-laws, every four living rooms in compound houses should be entitled to at least one wellmaintained toilet facility to reduce pressure at public toilet facilities.

Good excreta management is necessary to promote good health, and generate energy and income.

Introduction cont
The ideal situations for proper waste management includes Every household should have a wellmaintained water closet. Every house should have a good sewage system which is drained regularly. Faecal sludge should be deposited at appropriate sites created. Sludge should be well-treated before being discharged into water bodies to prevent diseases

THE PROBLEM

Open defaecation: faeces are disposed off in fields, forest, bushes open water bodies and beaches. Pit and bucket latrines: this is a type of latrine which is constructed by digging a hole or instituting a bucket which is used in place of the pit to receive faeces. This type poses a threat to public health by the release of large amounts of microorganisms to the environment. Untreated faecal sludge discharged into water bodies cause problems such as typhoid fever, cholera, giardiasis and worm infestations.

SANITATION LADDER
This is classified based on the sustainability and maintenance of the facility, its health implications and effects on the environment. Open defaecation Unimproved sanitation facilities. Eg pit latrines without a slab or platform, bucket latrines. Shared sanitation facilities public KVIPs Improved sanitation facilities Septic tank, piped sewer system, flush or pour flush.

Acceptable practices
Shared sanitation facilities: These are shared between two or more households. Eg public KVIP

Improved sanitation facilities: these ensure that flies and other insects do not gain access to the waste. They also ensure hygienic way of waste management. Septic tank Piped sewer system Flush or pour flash Composting latrine Improved KVIPs

Previous Attempts made to solve the problem


Attempts have been made to recycle the waste at KMA landfill into useful products, but have not been implemented yet. Nsutaman secondary school uses the biomass to generate electricity.

ATTEMPT TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM

KMA has established a department known as landfill for liquid waste management such as excreta By-laws instituted by KMA to reduce poor waste management. Siphoning of faecal sludge when necessary Conventional sewage system at Asafo, Ahensan and Kyerepatre to treat the excreta.

FAECAL OR SEPTIC TREATMENT PLAN


KMA landfill has dug out ponds which are interconnected by small pipes and regulated by gates.

Household septic tanks are siphoned by the tanker vehicles to the site. The liquid waste is emptied into the anaerobic pond which is about 2m deep. The sludge settles and the liquid remains on top. A part of the liquid forms a foamy substance called scum. Scum prevents air (oxygen) from penetrating to the bottom of the pond This promotes the survival of anaerobic organisms which break down the sludge

Faecal or septic treatment plant


cont
facultative pond is shallow and operates under sunlight Maturation pond contains clean liquid Frogs and other aquatic organisms can survive in it. The contents are discharged into distilling basin which flows through river Oda. Plants that absorb and neutralizes the odour are planted around the area. Ammonia produced prevents mosquitoes from breeding in the ponds.

The stages of faecal processing

RECOMMENDATION
Mass education on proper waste disposal especially on the sanitation ladder(the various sanitation practices ) The establishments of composting toilet facilities. Environmental sanitation inspection Enforcement of the by-laws Establishment of biogas plants from household and industrial human excreta.

CONCLUSION
Proper excreta disposal and management is the responsibility of every citizen. It reduces the contamination of water bodies, crops and vegetables. It reduces the spread of diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera.

REFERENCES
Beddow V.(2010). Kumasi: Sanitation Status. Internet publication http://www.iwawaterwiki.org Environmental health officer of Zoomlion(ZL) company limited Interview with Don Awantungo of KMA landfill

GROUP MEMBERS
Amadigwe Mary-Jane 3777009 Bandoh Acheampomaa 3778209 Igbokwe Obianuju Nonyerem 3779509 Opare Sylvia Nana Yaa 3780809 Owusu Vida 5956711 Sekyere Robertha

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