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Edema:
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in a
specific organ vs generalized.
Hydrostatic pressure:
Intra-capillary vs interstitial Capillary pressures vary: Nail bed capillaries: 32 mmHg at arteriolar
end and 15 mmHg at venous end. Mean 25 mmHg. Hydrostatic pressure gradient: Intra-capillary hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure:
Capillary wall usually impermeable to
plasma proteins and other colloids. Only water and small solutes cross capillary wall. Crystalloids vs colloids
Edema:
Due to disturbance in hydrostatic and/or
oncotic pressure between intra-capillary and interstitial component.
Organ specific:
Brain: Cerebral edema
Lung: Intra-alveolar=pulmonary edema,
intra-pleural=pleural effusion
Capillary leaks:
Result of capillary damage: Pleura: Infections, tumors Alveoli: Inhalation of noxious substance,
eg chlorine gas etc
Normal JVP:
Unilateral Unilateral increase in capillary pressure Deep venous thrombosis OR: Unilateral increase in interstitial colloid
atrium v-wave: rise in atrial pressure, just before tricuspid valve opens during diastole. Clinical application of these 3 waves:
Sinus rhythm or not. Pulmonary hypertension 3`rd degree heart block Patency between SVC and RA Tricuspid regurgitation and stenosis