J. BERLIN P.

JUANZON CE, MBA,MSCM

Net upward force is called the buoyant force!!! Easier to lift a rock in water!!

The amount of water displaced is equal to the volume of the rock.

An immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

(BF = VD)

If the buoyant force on an object is greater than the force of gravity acting on the object, the object will float The apparent weight of an object in a liquid is gravitational force (weight) minus the buoyant force. (Win-liquid = Win-air BF)

A floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight.

For floating bodies, the weight of the entire body must be equal to the buoyant force, which is the weight of the fluid whose volume is equal to the volume of the submerged portion of the floating body:

A solid body dropped into a fluid will sink, float, or remain at rest at any point in the fluid, depending on its average density relative to the density of the fluid.

An object surrounded by air is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the air displace. Exactly the same concept as buoyancy in water. Just substitute air for water in the statement If the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, it will rise in the air

Since air gets less dense with altitude, the buoyant force decreases with altitude. So helium balloons dont rise forever!!!

The altitude of a hot air balloon is controlled by the temperature difference between the air inside and outside the balloon, since warm air is less dense than cold air. When the balloon is neither rising nor falling, the upward buoyant force exactly balances the downward weight.
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A piece of metal weighs 350N in air and when it is submerged completely in water it weighs 240n.
A) Find the volume of metal B) Find the specific weigh of the metal C) Find the specific gravity of the metal

A wooden buoy of spgr 0.75 floats in a liquid with spgr of 0.85.

A) What is the percentage of the volume above the liquid surface to the total volume of the buoy? B) If the volume above the liquid surface is 0.0145 cum, what is the weight of the wooden buoy? C) What load that will cause the buoy to be fully submerged?

A baloon is filled with 3000cum of hydrogen having a specific weight of 1.1N/cum.

A) What lift does the baloon exert at the earth surface if the baloon weighs 1,200N and air is 12.01 N/cum.

A piece of wood floats in water with 50mm projecting above the water surface. When it is placed in glycerine of spgr= 1.35 , the block projects 75mm above the liquid surface.

A) Find the height of the piece of wood. B) Find the sp.gr of the wood. C)Find the weight of the wood of it has a cross sectional area of 200mm x 200mm.

For stability of submerged body, the bodys center of gravity must lie directly below the center of buoyancy of the displaced liquid. If the two points coincide, the submerged body is in neutral equilibrium for all positions.

Stability of Immersed and Floating Bodies

Stability is easily understood by analyzing a ball on the floor.

For floating bodies such as ships, stability is an important consideration for safety.

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A floating body possesses vertical stability, while an immersed neutrally buoyant body is neutrally stable since it does not return to its original position after a disturbance.

An immersed neutrally buoyant body is (a) stable if the center of gravity G is directly below the center of buoyancy B of the body, (b) neutrally stable if G and B are coincident, and (c) unstable if G is directly above B.
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When the center of gravity G of an immersed neutrally buoyant body is not vertically aligned with the center of buoyancy B of the body, it is not in an equilibrium state and would rotate to its stable state, even without any disturbance.
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A floating body is stable if the body is bottom-heavy and thus the center of gravity G is below the centroid B of the body, or if the metacenter M is above point G. However, the body is unstable if point M is below point G.
Metacentric height GM: The distance between the center of gravity G and the metacenter Mthe intersection point of the lines of action of the buoyant force through the body before and after rotation.
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PROBLEM: The center of gravity of a boat in the upright position is 3m above the c.g. of part of water, the total displacement being 500tons and the boat is tipped 30o causing the center of buoyancy to shift sideways 2.4m. Compute the righting moment or upsetting moment.
500TONS

G 3ft

Water level