GOODMORNING

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MINIPROJECT PROGRESS SEMINER

TOPIC: AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP WITH MORNING ALARM
PRESENTED BY:
TANNU NEWAR - DC2010BTE4073 SIMA MEDHI - DC2010BTE4086 RINKU BASUMATARY - DC2010BTE4072
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Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction. Components required. Block diagram of the main circuit. Circuit diagram. Our progress a) Power supply Block diagram b) Circuit diagram c) Transformer d) Bridge rectifier e) Filter f) Regulator 5. LDR. 6. NE555. > Pin configuration > Block diagram > Monostable 7. Transistor as a switch. 8. UM66. 9. Working. Wednesday, May 09, 2012 10.Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
It automatically switches ON a night lamp lights when the sunlight goes below the visible regions of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light It automatically switches OFF lights whenever sunlight comes, visible to our eyes and activates a melodious morning alarm sound.

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Components required:
LDR and transistor are the major components. This project uses regulated 12V power supply. IC NE555 & LM UM66 is used. some of resistors, capacitors & LED are used.

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Block Diagram
LDR LDR

POWER SUPPLY

SWITCHING REGULATOR CIRCUIT

TRANSISTOR

SWITCH ON / OFF

MORNING ALARM
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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PROGRESS

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Power Supply
BLOCK DIAGRAM

STEP DOWN TRANFORMER

BRIDGE RECTIFIER

FILTER CIRCUIT

POWER

REGULATOR

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POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

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Transformer

A step down transformer is used. Contains 12 v. Connected with main AC supply. Output voltage 28.5v(p-p) ac.

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Bridge rectifier

Four IN4001 diodes are used. Full wave rectifying signal is generated. Output voltage 13.5v dc

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Filter circuit

A capacitor(2200F/35v) is used. A DC signal is generated. Output voltage- 13.5v

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Regulator
An IC7812 is used to produce 12 v supply. It has 3 pin. Pin 1- input Pin 2- ground Pin 3- output Output voltage 11.8v

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MAIN POWER SUPPLY IN BREADBOARD

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MAIN POWER SUPPLY IN PCB

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Light Dependent Resistor

A Light Dependent Resistor is a device which has a resistance which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface. LDR is made of a high resistance semiconductor. LDR is a resistor whose resistor decreases with increasing light Wednesday, May 09, 2012 intensity.

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If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency ,photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron conduct electricity, thereby
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SWITCHING REGULATOR NE555

555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. Two modes of operation: > MONOSTABLE > ASTABLE In monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the frequency & duty cycle are controlled by two external resistors and a Wednesday, May 09, 2012 capacitor.

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PIN CONFIGURATION of NE555

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INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF NE555

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MONOSTABLE
A mono stable multivibrator (MMV) often called as one-shot multivibrator. It is a pulse generator circuit in which the duration of the pulse is determined by the R-C network, connected externally to the 555 timer. In such a vibrator, one state of output is stable while the other is unstable. The time taken in charging determines the pulse width.

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MONOSTABLE

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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The capacitor C has to charge through resistance RA. The larger the time constant RAC, the longer it takes for the capacitor voltage to reach +2/3VCC. In other words, the RC time constant controls the width of the output pulse. The time during which the timer output remains high is given as

tp=1.0986RAC

Derivation :
Voltage across the capacitor at any instant during charging period is given as or vc = VCC (1- e-t/RAC) since , vc = 2/3 VCC therefor 2/3VCC. = VCC. (1 e-t/RAC) or t RAC loge 3 = 1.0986 RAC So pulse width, tP = 1.0986 RAC or = 1.1 RAC
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TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH

The LDR varies according to the light falling on it. This LDR is connected as biasing resistor of the transistor. According to the light falls on the LDR, the transistor is operated in saturation and cutoff region. This transistor switches the relay to switch on/off the light.
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MORNING ALARM

UM66
The UM66 series are CMOS ICs designed for using in calling bell, phone and toys. It has a built in ROM programmed for playing music. The device has very low power consumption. The melody will be available at pin1 of UM66 and here it is amplified by using transistor to drive the speaker. Resistor limits the base current of transistor within the safe values .

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WORKING ON

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CONCLUSION
Manual works are 100% removed. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced. In this project, no need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting.

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THANK YOU

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