Sei sulla pagina 1di 17

Acquiring Information Systems

MIS 320 Kraig Pencil Fall 2010


PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Game Plan
IS Acquisition Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) Modify the SDLC? Supplemental Method: Prototyping Alternative Method: RUP

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

A. How May an IS be Acquired?


1. Four common approaches
1.

BUY Purchase an existing application off the shelf


E.g., Turn-key application May involve customization

1. 3. 4.

Lease an IS application BUILD Develop in-house Outsource development


E.g., software company, consulting firm

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

A. How May an IS be Acquired?


Acquisition approach depends on

Degree to which the needed IS application matches an existing package available for purchase Costs/time associated with customizing/generating IS
Size of business small businesses may not be able to afford to build customized systems

Potential impact of IS
Will costs to customize/generate be worthwhile?

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

A. How May an IS be Acquired?


Some BUY Options Some Commonly Purchased /Leased Packages
Email and productivity packages:
Microsoft Office and Outlook Google Apps

Accounting CRM (Customer Relationship Management) ERP systems

The Cloud option


Systems provided (leased) over the Internet
SalesForce.com worlds 4th fastest growing company (Fortune Magzine)

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Some Roles in IS Acquisition


Expert User Client (manager) Business Analyst Project Manager Executive Sponsor Steering Committee Programmer/Coder IT manager (CIO, director, supervisor) Designer (application/database/network, etc.) Quality Assurance Analyst and so on

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Development Methods
Some BUILD Options Cowboy Coding Waterfall method: Systems Development Life Cycle Iterative methods: Prototyping, Rapid Application Development, XP

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

B. Systems Development Lifecycle


1. Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
A series of development stages Waterfall type of model
Complete one stage and then move onto the next stage Development process flows downstream

One example of a SDLC


See figure

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Systems Development Life Cycle


(Note: Eight-phase model of textbook has been condensed to a five-phase model)
Business & Interpersonal Skills

Systems Investigation

What should the system do ?


Analysis

Operation & Technical Maintenance


Skills Project Management Skills

Build the system !

Programming & Testing & Implementation

Design

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

How to build the system ?

B. Systems Development Lifecycle (cont.)


2. How much computer programming is done by the end of the Analysis phase?
Why?

3. What does a systems analyst (or business analyst) do?


Understand what a proposed IS is supposed to do IS solution
Top image source: http://www.thecolor.com/images/Computer-Programmer.gif
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Showcase: The Business Analyst


Someone in the IT department whose job is talking with managers about their business needs (problems), organizing teams of IT specialists and business experts developing project plans and budget estimates leading* the selection (purchase) or development of systems that satisfy managers IT needs/problems *continued monitoring, communicating, guiding, cheerleading
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

C. Modify the SDLC ?


1. A key assumption underlying the traditional SDLC
The specific answers to the What should the system do? question can be established by the end of Analysis stage

2. Is this an appropriate assumption for all types of systems? Consider two types of IS:
TPS: Performs routine, repetitive tasks DSS: Supports non-routine decisions, Un/Semi-structured decisions, Users uncertain of system requirements

3. What are the implications for IS development?


A modified development approach that involves iterations can be useful
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

C. Modify the SDLC ?


4. Need to help developers and users to better understand system requirements for DSS applications Incorporate prototyping and/or iterations into development process

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

D. Supplemental Method: Prototyping


1. Prototyping
Develop a working model of a system MS Excel and MS Access can be used for prototyping and final system development Let users work with prototype Get feedback Advantages Discover /clarify the users system requirements Flexible development approach Active user involvement Test system interface Can use a small prototype as the proof of concept for a large final system

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Preliminary Analysis: Understand the basic user requirements to help develop the initial prototype

Prototyping
After the Preliminary Analysis, the developer creates a system for initial review by user(s).

User(s) test system and provide feedback.

Based on feedback, system will be revised and tested again

Figure from Haag, et al (2004)

Eventually the prototype gets a thumbs up. Some prototypes are throwaways and others are evolutionary prototypes

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

D. Supplemental Method: Prototyping


2. Types of prototypes
Throwaway prototype
Used for demo purposes quick and dirty prototype Can help determine requirements more quickly Construct final system after the throwaway(s) Can use an easier technology (e.g. Access) as proof of concept for a more complex technology (e.g. Oracle database)

Evolutionary prototype
Prototype is continually refined until final system is built Advantages for DSS
Dont need to discard the prototype May speed up development process Flexible

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Disadvantage: may never be complete

E. Example of an Alternative Method to SDLC: Rational Unified Process


Iterations Within Phases

Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/aa/RationalUnifie


PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

Potrebbero piacerti anche