MOHD FADLI B. CHE MHD EZHAM MUHAMMAD ZULFIKAR B. M.M.

MAGHFUR

A wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields To transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purpose of automatic identification and tracking Tag contain electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters away.

In 1945 Lon Theremin created a spying tool for the Soviet Union which retransmitted incident radio waves with audio information. Sound waves vibrated a diaphragm which slightly altered the shape of the resonator, which modulated the reflected radio frequency. Even though this device was a covert listening device, not an identification tag, it is considered to be a predecessor of RFID technology, because it was likewise passive, being energized and activated by waves from an outside source.

RFID Product barcode tag

RFID key tag

RFID ear tag

RFID chip

RFID mycard /smart card

SMART TAG (Sistem Membayar Automatik Rangkaian Tol)

Some tag required no battery and powered by electromagnetic field to read them Some tag use local power source and emit radio waves (electromagnetic radiation at radio frequency) Unlike barcode, the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object.

In Application
Access management Tracking of goods Tracking of person or animal Toll collection Machine readable travel document (e-passport) Airport baggage tracking logistic

In Commerce Payment by mobile phone

By using MicroSD card in a mobile phone, the MicroSD card can be both a passive tag and RFID reader. The mobile phone can be linked to bank account and used in mobile payment.

Asset management
- RFID combined with mobile computing (smart
phone) and Web technologies provide a way for organizations to identify and manage their assets. - Mobile computers can deliver a complete set of tools that eliminate paperwork, give proof of identification and attendance. This approach eliminates manual data entry

Access Control
High-frequency tags are widely used in identification badges, replacing earlier magnetic stripe cards(credit card/smart card). These badges need only be held within a certain distance of the reader to authenticate the holder.

Promotion tracking
To prevent retailers diverting products, manufacturers are exploring the use of RFID tags on promoted merchandise so that they can track exactly which product has sold through the supply chain at fully discounted prices

Passport
The first RFID passports ("E-passport") were issued by Malaysia in 1998. In addition to information also contained on the visual data page of the passport, Malaysian e-passports record the travel history (time, date, and place) of entries and exits from the country.

Allow organization to monitor their assets and make management decisions from anywhere in the world. Reduce maintenance and inventory cost. Help organization track and audit their records. Reduce traffic jammed at plaza toll. Help to detect and retrieve stolen cars.

Data flooding -Too many data recorded may cause data redundancy Global standardization - The frequencies used of RFID in USA are currently incompatible with those Europe or Japan.

Security Concern -a product with active RFID tag passes the exit-scanners at a Walmart outlet, not only set off the alarm, but it also tells security personnel exactly what product to look for the shoppers cart

Exploitation
-RFID buffer overflow bug that could infect airport terminal RFID database for baggage, and also passport database to obtain confidential information on the passport holder

Temperature exposure -Currently, RFID tags are created by gluing integrated circuit (IC) to an inlay. Vibration and high temperature will loosen the connection.

RFID is a costly system that offers some great advantages over barcodes. Even though the technology still hasnt matured, the opportunity for immediate and dramatic improvements in customer service and productivity outweigh the negatives.