SDH Technology

SDH Technology

The PDH limitations:

Incompatibility of standard equipment from different vendors US and European systems have too little in common - Expensive mediators for transatlantic transmission No self checking - expensive manual check and repair system No standard for high bandwidth links - proprietary

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SDH Technology

NOVEMBER 1988...

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SDH Technology

The Main Standards

G.707 , G.708 , G709 (G.707 SINCE 03/96)
Transmission rates Signal format Multiplexing structures Tributary mapping for the network node interface

G.781 , G782 , G.783

Operation of synchronous multiplexers

G.784
SDH network management
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SDH Technology

The SDH Advantages:

High transmission rates Lower level signals embedded and can be

identified from the higher level (much

simpler Add & Drop)

Optical standard Can be introduced into existing networks Allowance of European and North American

PDH systems
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SDH Technology

More of the SDH Advantages:

High availability and capacity matching Reliability Prepared for future applications: HDTV \ LAN \ MAN \ ISDN

Network management channels (the data

used for maintenance is embedded in the signal)

Centralized network control enabled

through the management channels
SDH Technology

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SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

An international standard for high-speed optical / electrical telecommunications networks A synchronous digital transport system with a built-in management channel for remote management of complex topologies

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SDH Technology

Synchronous Multiplexer Interfaces

Tributaries
1.5 Mbps 2 Mbps 6 Mbps 34 Mbps 45 Mbps 140 Mbps STM-1 Electrical STM-1 Optical STM-4 Optical LAN / MAN FDDI ISDN / BISDN ATM Video

Aggregates
STM-1 155 STM-4 622 STM-16 2.4 STM-64 10 Mbps Mbps Gbps Gbps

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SDH Technology

SDH Equipment
TERMINAL MULTIPLEXER

ADD-and-DROP MULTIPLEXER
STM-n
STM-n

ADM

E1-E4 TM

STM-n

REGENERATOR

E1-E4 STM-n

STM-m STM-n STM-n

REG

SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL CROSS-CONNECT

E1-E4

ADD-and-DROP MULTIPLEXER with

LOCAL CROSS-CONNECT CAPABILITY

STM-n LXC STM-n

STM-n
SDXC

STM-n

STM-n

STM-m

E1-E4 STM-n

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SDH Technology

Network Topologies
Chain

Mesh Point-to-Point

Ring
Star (Hub)

Terminal Multiplexer
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Add-Drop Multiplexer Digital Cross-Connect

SDH Technology

Network Management

Site 3 SDH Multiplexer Network Site 1

Site 2

Site 4

Management

Gateway

Ethernet Station
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SDH Technology

Management Functions

Alarm / Event Management

Configuration Management
Performance Management Access and Security Management

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SDH Technology

Transport Systems
STM-n 2 Mbps 2 Mbps ... 2 Mbps

Video

34 Mbps

SDH
Fiber Highway

Pleisiochronous
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SDH Technology

SDH Network Segments

Multiplexer Section
Regenerator Section

Multiplexer Section
Regenerator Section Regenerator Section

Tributaries

SDH Terminal Multiplexer

SDH Add & Drop Multiplexer SDH Regenerator SDH Regenerator

SDH Terminal Multiplexer

Traffic Assembly

Traffic Disassembly

Path

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SDH Technology

Tributaries

Protection Schemes

Section Protection

Path Protection

main: protection:
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SDH Technology

Multiplexing Process Step By Step

POH TU p.

Staffing Bytes

E1

RS

x 3

TUG-2 C-12 TU-12 VC-12

Path Overhead

AU-4 P.

VC-4 x3

TUG-3

x 7

MS

Example for multiplexing 2Mbps tributary into STM-1 level

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SDH Technology

Multiplexing Structure
xN

x1

139.264 Mbps

STM-n

AUG

AU-4

VC-4
x3 x1

C-4 TU-3

TUG-3
x3

VC-3

44.736 Mbps 34.368 Mbps

AU-3

VC-3
x7 x7 x1

C-3
6.312 Mbps

Pointer Processing Multiplexing Aligning Mapping Administrative Unit Group Administrative Unit Tributary Unit Group Tributary Unit Virtual Container Container

TUG-2
x3

TU-2

*
* *

VC-2

C-2
2.048 Mbps

AUG AU TUG TU VC C
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TU-12 TU-11

VC-12 VC-11

C-12
1.544 Mbps

x4

C-11

SDH Technology

Signal Structure
F F
N x M Bytes

M Columns

F
B

B B

N x M Bytes 1
2 B Order of transmission B N Rows

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SDH Technology

STM-1 Frame Structure

9 Bytes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 270 Columns (Bytes) 9 rows x 270 columns x 8 bits / byte x 8000 f/s = 155.52 Mbps
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261 Bytes

Regenerator Section Overhead (RSOH) AU Pointer

P
Multiplexer Section Overhead (MSOH)

SDH Technology

STM-1 Virtual Container (VC-4)

Serial Signal Stream 155.52 Mbps F

Path Overhead

9 Rows

Section Overhead

Payload Capacity = 149.76 Mbps Designed for 140 Mbps transport

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1 Column

260 Columns

SDH Technology

Tributary Unit Frame Structure

F
155.52 Mbps

Serial Signal F

Stream

Section Overhead

Path Overhead

9 Rows

Tributary Unit Frame

STM-1 Payload area

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261 Columns

SDH Technology

Tributary Unit Frame Structure

F
155.52 Mbps

Serial Signal

Stream

Section Overhead

Path Overhead

9 Rows

TU Pointer VC Path Overhead Low-rate Tributary Signal

Virtual Container
Container

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261 Columns

SDH Technology

Different Sizes of Tributary Unit Frames

TU-11 9 R o w s TU-12 TU-2
TU pointers area

TU-3

3 4 columns columns 1.728 Mbps 2.304 Mbps N. American European DS1 signal signal (1.544 Mbps) (2.048 Mbps)

12 columns 6.912 Mbps Optimized for N. American DS2 signal (6.312 Mbps)

86 columns 49.54 Mbps N. American DS3 signal (44.736 Mbps) Will also carry a European signal (34.368 Mbps)
SDH Technology

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TU-xx Numbering System

TU-12

TU-3

1-4-2

TU-2

2-4
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SDH Technology

Synchronous Byte-Interleaved Multiplexing

t
STM-1 Signal A STM-1 Signal B STM-1 Signal C STM-1 Signal D Denotes 8-bit Byte At STM-1 Signal Rate
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t = timing rate
ByteInterleaved Multiplexer
STM-4 (4 * STM-1)

Denotes 8-bit Byte At STM-4 Signal Rate

SDH Technology

STM-4 Frame Structure

Serial Signal Stream 125 sec.
STM-1 A

F
STM-1 B
ByteInterleaved Multiplexer

STM-1 C

9720 Bytes / Frame

9 Rows

STM-1 D 9 Rows 9 columns 261 columns SOH VC-4

36 columns 1044 columns Interleaved 4 Interleaved VC-4s Section Overhead

9720 (270 * 9 * 4 Bytes / Frame) x 8 (Bits / Byte) x 8000 f/s = 622.08 Mbps
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SDH Technology

Overhead Functions

Define and build the SDH frame structure Provide data transportation monitoring indicators Provide alarm state indications Enable maintenance activities Provide routing functions (protection switching)

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SDH Technology

Overhead Detail
Section Overhead (SOH)
J0 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 Reg. Sec. Framing Framing Framing Framing Framing Framing Trace E1 B1 F1 OrderBIP-8 Media User M wire dependent D usage (MDU) U D1 D2 D3 Datacom Datacom Datacom H1 AU Pointer B2 BIP-24 D4 Datacom D7 Datacom D10 Datacom S1 Synch. Quality Z1 Growth K1 MPS D5 Datacom D8 Datacom D11 Datacom Z2 Growth M1 REI H2 AU Pointer K2 RDI D6 Datacom D9 Datacom D12 Datacom E2 Orderwire

Path Overhead (POH)

J1 Path Trace B3 BIP-8 C2 Signal Label G1 Path Status F2 User H4 Multiframe F3 User K3 APS N1 Tandem Conn.

Regenerator Section Overhead (RSOH) Administrative Unit Pointers

Reserved for national use

H3 AU Pointer

Multiplexer Section Overhead (MSOH)

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SDH Technology

STM-4 Section Overhead Byte Structure

36 columns
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0 Z0 Z0

B1

E1

F1

D1

D2

D3

Administrative Unit Pointer(s)

B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 K2

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10 S1

D11

D12

M1

E2

Bytes reserved for national use

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SDH Technology