Presented by: Dr. Kimeron Lobo P.G Diploma Student Dept. of Prosthodontics V.

S Dental College and Hospital

DIE: the positive reproduction of the form of a prepared tooth in any suitable substance
( glossary of Prosthodontic terms 8)

Working replica on which inlays, crowns and bridges are made

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GYPSUM:
Type IV Type V Dental stone + lignosulphonates Dental plaster

METALS:
Electroformed/ Electroplated Sprayed metals Amalgam

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POLYMERS:
Metal filled resins/ inorganic filled resins Epoxy resins

CEMENTS:
Silicophosphates/ Polyacrylic cement

CERAMIC/ REFRACTORY DIES

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Dimensionally accurate High abrasion resistance Toughness Ability to reproduce fine details Compatibility with impression materials Color contrast with wax/ porcelain Easy manipulation Non injurious to health Economical
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SUITABLE MATERIALS

UNSUITABLE MATERIALS

Type IV and V dental stone

Polymers

Electroformed dies

Cements

Epoxy resins

Metal sprayed dies(Bi-Sn alloy)

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Most commonly used Type V dental stone- higher setting expansion (0.30%) compared to the 0.10% of type IV dental stone

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30% silica sols in water mixed with the dental stone

Increase in hardness 2% 110% 70% 20%

Impression material Silicones Poyether Agar Poylsulfide

Dimensional change Stone + water Stone + hardening solution 0.05% 0.07%

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High strength die stones vary from being 0.35% larger to 0.25% smaller Occlusogingival (vertical) changes are greater than buccolingual/mesiodistal (horizontal changes) Horizontal direction- shrinkage is towards the tray

Vertical direction- away from the free surface of impression material towards tray
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ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Good strength Minimal shrinkage Easy manipulation Excellent working time Sets quickly Compatible with impression materials Smooth hard surface Good color contrast economical

Brittle Edges and occlusal surface may get abraded off with repeated use

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HISTORY
Electroplating/ electrodeposition Copper plated compound was used first in the 1930s Later silver became more popular

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METALLIZING : treating the surface of the impression

material so that it conducts electricity Thin layer of metal (eg: silver powder or colloidal graphite) deposited on the surface of the impression material with a camel hair brush

1.

Materials used:
Bronzing powder in almond oil Aqueous suspension of silver powder Powdered graphite

2.
3.

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Current of 10 mA Per tooth area for 12 hours Plating tank Impression To be Coated ( cathode) Metal to Be deposited (anode)

electrolyte
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Copper bath Copper sulphate Sulfuric acid concentrate Phenol Distilled water 200 grams 3 ml 2 ml 1000 ml

Silver bath Silver cyanide

Potassium cyanide Potassium carbonate Distilled water

36 grams
60 grams 45 grams 1000 ml

THROWING POWER: term used for the penetration of current

into a concave structure, such as an impression for a full crown
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Temperature : 77-80 F ( room temperature )

Low current- deposit is slow but hard ( smooth surface ) High current- deposit is fast but soft ( rough surface ) Impression compound copper plated Polysulphide impression silver plated 12 15 hours current gives a deposit of 0.5mm Die is completed by pouring resin or dental stone to support it and form the base

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Supplied as 2 pastes

Shrinkage of 0.1% is seen after hardening ( 24 hrs)

More abrasion resistant

Viscous paste- not readily introduced into details of large impressions

Centrifugal machine was developed to overcome this
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Recently, fast setting epoxy materials have been developed

Epoxy resin in one cartridge and catalyst in the other

These harden rapidly and can be waxed 30 mins after injecting into the impression
Water retards polymerization of the resin Hence they cannot be used with agar and alginate

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Commercially available Divestment (whip-mix corporation) is mixed with colloidal silica liquid

Die is made from this mix and wax pattern is

constructed

This is then invested in a mix of divestment and water Eliminating the possibility of pattern distortion

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 1.

TWO TYPES: Material on which porcelain restorations are fabricated without platinum foil matrix (heat to 1000C)

2.

Ceramic matierial provided as a powder and liquid mixed

to a putty consistency, after 1 hour its removed from the impression material and fired at 600C for 8 mins to

produce a hard die stone

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Used for making a porcelain restorations Die is made up of ammonium phosphate bonded investment

This die can withstand temperatures in the range of

1600F to 2200F

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DIMENSIONAL CHANGE (%)

MATERIAL Type IV stone Silica filled epoxy resin Aluminium filled epoxy resin Electroformed silver die OCCLUSAL 0.06 -0.15 -0.14 -0.10 CERVICAL 0.00 -0.26 -0.19 -0.20

Toreskog S, Phillips RW and Schnell RJ: J Prosth Dent 16:119, 1966

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LINEAR DIMENSIONAL CHANGE:

setting expansion of type IV dental stones are below 0.1% epoxy die that is 0.16% smaller could lead to a clinically

unacceptable casting that would not seat on the prepared

tooth unless compensatory laboratory techniques are introduced.

Addition of resin to the gypsum reduced the setting

expansion

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Volume 83, Issue 4, April 2000, Pages 466-473 26 03/11/2011

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DETAIL REPRODUCTION:

detail reproduction capabilities of epoxy resin (10) die materials excelled over those of gypsum-based (170 ) materials

The size and irregularities of the gypsum crystals preclude gypsum-based products from capturing details at the level that epoxy resin die materials are capable of reproducing

Optical properties of these materials are another important factor to consider

the gypsum-based materials scattered light and required lowangle illumination to see details

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Volume 83, Issue 4, April 2000, Pages 466-473 26 03/11/2011

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HARDNESS:

epoxy resin die materials are less resistant to indentation than type IV gypsum-based die materials

ABRASION RESISTANCE:

abrasion resistance of epoxy resin die materials was higher than that of gypsum-based die materials No correlation is seen between hardness and abrasion resistance

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Volume 83, Issue 4, April 2000, Pages 466-473
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A thorough knowledge of die materials and their properties is necessary to aid in the selection of the material and therefore to eventually obtain an accurate fit of the casting

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Craigs Restorative Dental Materials- Powers, Ronald Phillips science of dental materials- Anusavice Introduction to dental materials- Richard van Noort Dental Materials and their selection- OBrien Philip Duke, B.Keith Moore, Steven P. Haug, Carl J. Andres Study of the physical properties of type IV gypsum, resincontaining, and epoxy die materials The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Volume 83, Issue 4, April 2000, Pages 466-473 Toreskog S, Phillips RW and Schnell RJ, Dimensional change in dies made from silicone impression material J Prosth Dent 16:119, 1966

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GT Nomura, MH Reisbick and JD Preston, An investigation of epoxy resin dies. J Prosthet Dent, 44 (1980), pp. 4550 Y Kozono, H Kakigawa, K Tajima and I Hayashi, Surface reproducibility of resin die materials with various impression materials. Dent Mater J, 2 (1983), pp. 169178 G Derrien and G Le Meen, Evaluation of detail reproduction for three die materials by using scanning electron microscopy and two-dimensional profilometry. J Prosthet Dent, 74 (1995), pp. 17

L Stevens and MH Spratley, Accuracy of stone, epoxy and silver plate-acrylic models. Dent Mater, 3 (1987), pp. 5255
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