25 April 2012 Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar

Cryptography, in Greek, literally means secret writing, or the art of changing plain text message. It is the practice and study of hiding information. In other way can say; The study of encryption and decryption is known as Cryptography.
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Plain Text Cipher Text Encryption Decryption Key

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e.g.

The main classical cipher types are: Transposition cipher, which rearrange the order of letters in a message (e.g., 'hello world' becomes 'ehlol owrdl' in a trivially simple rearrangement scheme).
Plaintext = HELLO WORLD

H W E O L R L L O D Ciphertext = HWEOLRLLOD
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Substitution cipher, which systematically replace letters or groups of letters with other letters or groups of letters (e.g., 'fly at once' becomes 'gmz bu podf' by replacing each letter with the one following it in the Latin alphabet.

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The development of digital computers and electronics after WW-II made possible much more complex ciphers. Computers allowed for the encryption of any kind of data represent able in any binary format.

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Symmetric Key Cryptography refers to encryption methods in which both the sender and receiver share the same key. Public Key Cryptography, where, distinct pair of communicating parties must, ideally, share a different key. The number of keys required increases as the square of the number of network members.

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Cryptosystems are designed to provide particular functionality (e.g. public key encryption) while guaranteeing certain security properties. A cryptosystem (or cryptographic system) is the package of all procedures, protocols, cryptographic algorithms and instructions used for encoding and decoding messages using cryptography.

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Authentication Integrity Non-Repudiation

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Cryptography is a particularly interesting field because of the amount of work that is, by necessity, done in secret. The irony is that today, secrecy is not the key to the goodness of a cryptographic algorithm. In fact, time is the only Vie test of good cryptography; any cryptographic scheme that stays in use year after year is most likely a good one. The strength of cryptography lies in the choice of the keys; longer keys will resist attack banner than shorter keys.
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http://mathworld.wolfram.com/RSAEncryption.html http://mathcircle.berkeley.edu/BMC3/rsa/node4.html http://www.cryptosys.net/pki/rsa_encrypt_ex.html http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6695

http://www.garykessler.net/library/crypto.html
http://www.barcodesinc.com/articles/cryptography2.htm

http://www.cryptographyworld.com/
http://www.schneier.com/cryptography.html http://www.di-mgt.com.au/rsa_alg.html
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